Xiao Zhou is a junior medical student, recently learned the clinical class, learned a disease always look at their own body, nervously ask themselves “do I have this problem?” The two days learned the “blood in the stool” chapter, think about how often you eat something hot is easy to blood in the stool, especially yesterday, a classmate from home brought lychee, he ate a small basket, the morning after the large wipe the buttocks when there is still a little blood. The more you look at this, the more it looks like rectal cancer. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of these. The actual fact is that you are always a rookie, it is better to go to the hospital. At the doctor’s suggestion, Xiao Zhou did a colonoscopy. A juvenile long-tipped polyp was found in the sigmoid colon, which was the cause of the blood in the stool! After inpatient endoscopic minimally invasive surgery, Xiao Zhou’s blood in the stool was cured. When he thought about it later, he was lucky to seek medical attention in time, otherwise the polyp would have changed and that would have been a problem. Examples like Xiao Zhou are not uncommon, and the misdiagnosis rate of many similar common diseases is not low, which is quite puzzling in today’s modern medicine so advanced. The reason for this is that there are few people like Xiao Zhou who have been treating blood in the stool and constipation as hemorrhoids or not taking it seriously. Of course, there is no shortage of people who look for remedies through television, the Internet, advertisements, and even friends and relatives, and only after their discomfort is obvious and they go to the hospital for examination is colon cancer found to be too late. Fast-paced life, stressful work, disorder of life rules, imbalance of diet and nutrition, unreasonable combination of meat and vegetables, sedentary and less water are all red lights for intestinal diseases. The common means of examination for intestinal discomfort are barium enema or colonoscopy. The main reason why some people avoid the disease and delay the disease is that they are unfamiliar with the hospital environment and are afraid of colonoscopy. So, is colonoscopy painful? Who needs to have a colonoscopy? What do I need to pay attention to when having a colonoscopy? Many patients and friends do not understand the colonoscopy, the author is here to introduce the process. Colonoscopy is the use of a diameter of about 1cm endoscope into the buttocks of the subject, in the state of gas injection rinse pumping, in order to observe the anal, full colon, ileum end of the mucosal state, if necessary, for the lesion site histopathological examination and cytological examination. In general, the entire examination takes about 10 minutes, but the examination time may be slightly longer if there is a history of abdominal surgery, obesity, or constipation. Colonoscopy is diagnostically reliable and safe, and the technology is very mature, suitable for examining mucosal lesions in the whole colon and the end of the ileum. On the basis of this, some new examination techniques have emerged, such as dye magnification endoscopy, ultrasound endoscopy, anesthesia endoscopy, etc. It is worth mentioning that colonoscopy has certain risks, and intestinal perforation may occur if the procedure is not performed carefully, so it is recommended to go to a regular large general hospital to find a skilled doctor to perform the procedure! If necessary, colon capsule endoscopy can be considered, but it is expensive and not as straightforward as direct colonoscopy. People with the following symptoms need to undergo colonoscopy: lower gastrointestinal symptoms, including lower abdominal distension and pain, burning sensation in the lower abdomen, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal masses, feeling of urgency and heaviness in the stool (probably means frequent visits to the toilet but each time the stool volume is small, long and unclean) with a feeling of anal drop, loss of appetite with weight loss, especially with anemia or lower gastrointestinal bleeding (mainly fresh blood stool or mucus, pus and blood), high-risk In particular, screening is recommended for people with anemia or lower gastrointestinal bleeding (mainly fresh blood stools or mucus and pus stools), or people at high risk (middle-aged and elderly people in areas with high incidence of colon cancer or over 40 years old). Note: The day before the examination, it is better to eat some easily digestible food, such as semi-liquid or full liquid food, soup and water is best. On the day of the examination, you should fast for 4-6 hours before the examination. Patients with a history of abdominal surgery, obesity, and constipation are recommended for anesthesia colonoscopy to reduce examination pain, and it is best to prepare the above precautions 1-2 days in advance if you have a more serious constipation habit. Formal bowel preparation in advance is recommended with compounded polyethylene glycol. The dosing method is usually to dissolve the powder in 2-3L of water, with no restriction on the temperature of the water, and try to drink it within 30 minutes to 1 hour in divided doses, after which the diarrhea starts until the stool is clear, sludge-free and foam-free, and the examination is ready. Good bowel preparation helps to perform a quality bowel examination. Try to relax during the examination, do breathe smoothly and slowly, and do not tense up with a bulging stomach. Generally, under the guidance of an experienced physician, supplemented by the necessary position changes and assistant-assisted maneuvers, the examinee can do little pain with good cooperation. If it is the first time you are examined, overly nervous or really repeated attempts to complete the examination after repeated attempts, the examination can be done under anesthesia and sedation to minimize the pain. Some patients may have abdominal distension and pain after the examination, and the symptoms may be relieved or disappear within one hour, which is mainly related to the residual gas injected into the colonoscopy. After the examination, you can go to the toilet to relieve the discomfort by venting and defecating. If there is no significant discomfort after the examination, you can eat and drink normally after 1 hour. For some patients whose condition requires biopsy, there will be a little local bleeding, which can stop on its own and there is no need to be nervous. The temperature should be room temperature or slightly warm. If there is a large amount of fresh blood stool or abdominal pain, please see a doctor for follow-up.