There are several hereditary nephropathies as follows: 1, hereditary nephritis, also known as Alport syndrome, which manifests as kidney damage, neurogenic deafness, conical crystal formation in the eyes, very early onset of renal failure and death, and women are prone to preterm delivery and miscarriage after pregnancy; 2, angiokeratoma syndrome (Fabry), where the kidneys show proteinuria, hematuria, tubular urine, very early onset of renal tubular concentration abnormalities in function; 3. thin basement membrane nephropathy, which presents with persistent microscopic hematuria. When the upper respiratory tract infection and after exercise can appear carnal hematuria, proteinuria less, through renal puncture biopsy can be clearly diagnosed; 4, polycystic kidney is autosomal dominant disease, clinical manifestations of kidney enlargement, pain in the kidney area, hematuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency, mostly combined with polycystic liver, easy to combine intracapsular infection and bleeding.