The results of surgical treatment of T2DM are related to the duration of diabetes, islet cell function, patient age and other factors. A better outcome can be expected when the patient meets the following conditions: (1) the patient’s age is ≤ 65 years; (2) the patient’s duration of T2DM is ≤ 15 years; (3) the patient’s islet reserve function is above 1/2 of the lower limit of normal, and C-peptide is ≥ 1/2 of the lower limit of normal. At the same time, the patient has no serious mental disorder or intellectual disability; the patient fully understands the surgical modality for the treatment of diabetes, and understands and is willing to The patient understands and is willing to bear the risk of potential complications of surgery, and understands the importance of postoperative diet and lifestyle changes and is willing to tolerate them; the patient can actively cooperate with the postoperative follow-up, etc. are also factors to be considered in the selection of surgery. It is important to point out that: since obesity in China is mostly abdominal obesity with higher risk of cardiovascular accidents and other complications, surgery should be considered more actively when the waist circumference is ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women. Meanwhile, for normal or overweight patients with combined T2DM (BMI<27.5), although the current preliminary data show that surgical treatment has better effect in this group, further clinical randomized controlled studies and demonstration are still needed on the basis of full informed consent, and it is not suitable for large-scale promotion at present.