Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) refers to a chronic disease in which the spine is the main lesion. It mainly involves the sacroiliac joints, causing spinal ankylosis and fibrosis, resulting in impaired bending activities, and can have varying degrees of damage to multiple organs such as the eyes, lungs, cardiovascular, and kidneys. The prevalence rate in China is 0.3%, and it is more common in adolescent males aged 10-30. Common symptoms include low back pain, which is often vague. With the development of lesions, the symptoms gradually worsen and may include chest pain, restricted chest expansion, inability to lower the head, tilt back and difficulty in turning the neck from side to side. In severe cases, the patient has difficulty turning over. The pain of this disease has a distinctive feature, that is, it is painful at rest and relieved after activity. There is also a more pronounced pain at night. Some patients will wake up with pain after sleeping in the night, get out of bed, walk a few steps and move a few times, and the pain can be relieved before they can fall asleep again. The sacroiliac joint is the earliest site of the disease, so for those suspected of having ankylosing spondylitis, doctors will take orthopantomographs of the pelvis, frontal and lateral films of the lumbar spine, and if necessary, CT, MRI, and other imaging tests to clarify the diagnosis. For young male patients, the hip joint (crotch) is the one that needs to be protected. Damage to this joint is extremely disabling and seriously affects the patient’s quality of life. Although there is no effective cure for ankylosing spondylitis, the condition can be better controlled in most patients. Timely access to medical care, early diagnosis, and proper management of the patient have a significant impact on outcome. In recent years, the prognosis for this disease has improved significantly. Patient education plays a crucial role in the recovery of the disease. Regular application of adequate doses of NSAIDs during the active phase of the disease provides better symptomatic relief. Salicyclovir is the drug of choice for the treatment of AS, and dosing needs to be individualized. Recently, there are some biological agents (e.g., Ixepro, Class A) used for the treatment of AS, which have achieved better results, but they are expensive. In addition to medication, functional exercise is very important for this disease, and the specific methods will be introduced next time.