The possible causes of pain in the right lower abdomen of men near the testicles are as follows: 1. Varicocele, which can appear as pain at the root of the testicles, and thickened spermatic vessels can be touched with a slight painful sensation. Severe patients may experience swelling of the testicles or enlargement of the scrotum. The thickened spermatic vessels can be palpated in the scrotum, which is aggravated after activity and slightly reduced after rest. 2. Urinary stones, such as stones in the lower ureter, can cause pain in the small abdomen, radiating to the groin or the root of the scrotum. In particular, stones at the end of the ureter, in addition to pain, may also be accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination and urinary urgency, requiring ultrasound examination of the urinary system to exclude ureteral stones. 3. Inguinal hernia, which may be located in the inguinal region, may appear as a lump protruding from the body, obvious after activity and relieved after rest, accompanied by a localized feeling of pain or swelling. Ultrasound examination of the inguinal region is needed to rule out hiatal hernia. 4. orchitis or epididymitis, which can be associated with pain at the root of the testicles, swelling of the testicles and epididymis, and changes such as redness and swelling of the scrotal skin.