Transient cerebral ischemia, also known as transient focal cerebral ischemia or transient ischemic attack, is a transient, limited cerebral functional deficit or retinal dysfunction caused by cerebrovascular lesions. The occurrence of this disease is related to various factors and pathways such as atherosclerosis, arterial stenosis, heart disease, blood composition changes and hemodynamic changes, which can lead to acute cerebrovascular changes such as cerebrovascular stenosis and microembolus formation, which in turn lead to clinical symptoms. The disease is more common in middle-aged and elderly people (50-70 years old), more males than females, and is associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The onset of the disease is sudden and brief, with clinical symptoms lasting 10-20 minutes, mostly relieved within 1 hour, and the longest time does not exceed 24 hours, leaving no symptoms of neurological deficits, and no abnormal changes in structural imaging such as MRI and CT. Common symptoms include weakness or mild hemiparesis of one limb, mild facial hemiparesis, aphasia, vertigo, and balance-sensory disorders. There are more treatment measures for transient cerebral ischemia. Along with symptomatic treatment, causative treatment is needed, and the triggering factors need to be controlled. If the lesion is severe or the conservative treatment is ineffective, vascular intervention and surgical procedures are feasible. Transient cerebral ischemia is generally a mild lesion, and most of them have a good prognosis after treatment.