Atherosclerosis (AS) is a collective term for several diseases in which the walls of arteries thicken and lose elasticity, and is the most common and important type of atherosclerosis. Non-atherosclerotic forms include small artery sclerosis and M?nckeberg’s atherosclerosis. The main lesion of atherosclerosis is characterized by subintimal lipid deposition in certain parts of the artery with proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibrous matrix components, which gradually develop into atherosclerotic plaque (atheroscleroticplaque). It is a lesion characterized by patchy subintimal thickening (atherosclerosis) of medium and large arteries, which can reduce or block blood flow. The thickening and hardening of the arterial wall at the site of the plaque and the necrosis of the tissue inside the plaque combined with the deposited lipids to form an atheromatous material is called atherosclerosis. It is characterized by the deposition of lipid-like material in the intima of the affected arteries, the accumulation of complex sugars, followed by the proliferation of fibrous tissue and calcium deposits, and lesions in the middle layer of the arteries. The disease mainly involves large and medium-sized myoelastic arteries, with the aorta, coronary arteries and cerebral arteries being the most common, often leading to serious consequences such as lumen occlusion or wall rupture and bleeding. Atherosclerosis is most commonly seen in men over 40 years of age and in postmenopausal women. The disease is often associated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes mellitus. It is more common in brain workers and is a major health risk to people, and is one of the main causes of illness and death in the elderly. Atherosclerotic plaques are usually scattered and can occur in the intima of arteries from the aorta to 3 mm in diameter, most commonly in the coronary arteries, and are the main cause of coronary heart disease. The morphological changes during atherosclerotic plaque formation are now largely understood, but the pathogenesis of these changes has not been elucidated. The study of its pathogenesis has been a key and hot issue in the medical community for many years. The real culprit behind ischemic stroke is carotid atherosclerosis, and high LDL cholesterol is the main cause of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaques lead to narrowing of the artery and inadequate perfusion of brain tissue in the corresponding distal blood supply area. Stroke due to carotid stenosis accounts for 15% of ischemic strokes, and the annual stroke incidence is 13% in patients with >70% carotid stenosis and 1% to 2% in asymptomatic patients, and is associated with the instability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Hyperlipidemia is a manifestation of abnormal fat metabolism or functioning and refers to high cholesterol or triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol or high LDL cholesterol in the blood, which is called dyslipidemia in modern medicine. HDL cholesterol prevents atherosclerosis, while LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis. In other words, the more LDL cholesterol exceeds the normal value, the more likely it is that a stroke will occur. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is also often called “bad cholesterol”. Numerous studies have shown that hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. In addition, it is an important risk factor for hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance and even diabetes. Hyperlipidemia can also lead to fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, fundus bleeding, blindness, peripheral vascular disease, claudication, and hyperuricemia. The main causes of hyperlipidemia are related to an excessive diet of high-fat, high-calorie, high-protein foods and too little exercise.