Lumbar disc herniation is one of the more common clinical diseases of the spinal nervous system. Patients with lumbar disc herniation mostly show lumbago in the early stage, i.e. lumbago is aggravated when sitting, bending, coughing or sneezing, but lumbago is alleviated after lying in bed, or discogenic lumbago appears, in addition to lower limb symptoms, such as numbness, pain, soreness and coldness of the lower limbs, etc. In severe cases, not only the nerve roots are compressed, but also the cauda equina nerve, and symptoms such as In severe cases, not only the nerve roots are compressed, but also the cauda equina nerve, resulting in symptoms such as urinary and fecal dysfunction and even incontinence.
Most scholars believe that the abnormal sensation in the lower limbs of patients with lumbar disc herniation is caused by nerve root compression and irritation, which mainly manifests as numbness, coldness and chilliness in the posterior and lateral side of the affected lower limbs, and sometimes anthroposis and burning sensation; some scholars also believe that the coldness in the lower limbs of a few patients with disc herniation is related to the stimulation of sympathetic nerves.
When a lumbar disc herniates, it stimulates the sympathetic nerves in the paravertebral area, reflexively causing contraction of the vascular walls of the lower extremities, which in turn leads to “coldness” in the lower extremities. It is also believed that pain and numbness or hypoesthesia in the lower extremities are caused by nerve compression, while pain is caused by inflammation of the nerve roots, and sensory impairment and coldness in the lower extremities are manifestations of abnormal conduction of nociceptor neurons in the nervous system.
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