A cough with yellow sputum often indicates the presence of an inflammatory reaction in the organism. Under normal circumstances, the body only secretes a small amount of mucus to keep the respiratory tract mucous membrane moist and does not cough up sputum. When the respiratory tract is infected with bacteria and other pathogens, the capillary exudation and mucus produced by the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract increase, mixed with bacteria-consuming pus cells, and the sputum can turn yellow and be expelled through the cough reflex.
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