Disease Description Occupational noise deafness (noise deafness) is induced deafness caused by noise. Occupational noise deafness occurs as a result of the long-term chronic effects of noise on the human auditory organs and is manifested as a chronic degenerative lesion of the sensorineural system. Noise is widely present in people’s work process and environment, and noise deafness is one of the common occupational diseases. It can cause harm to several human systems, such as neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive systems, but the main and specific damage is in the auditory organs. Noise induced hearing loss characteristics, the initial manifestation of the high frequency band 3000Hz to 6000Hz hearing loss, cochlear basal tissue cell damage degeneration, necrosis, with the extension of the receiving noise time, the condition aggravated, to the language band 500, 1000, 2000Hz development, and eventually lead to cochlear large or all, especially when the top damage will appear obvious language hearing impairment. Noise hazards have become one of the main hazards in the world today, and noise pollution has been considered the top of the world’s seven major public hazards. Shandong Provincial Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Occupational Disease Division Zou Jianfang Pathogenesis 1, noise intensity: noise light size is the main factor affecting the hearing, the greater the intensity of hearing damage appears earlier, the more serious the degree of damage, the more the number of people injured; 2, exposure to noise time: 80dB (A) or less noise, lifelong exposure does not cause hearing damage. From 85dB(A) onwards, the more hearing damage as the number of years of exposure increases. The table also suggests the critical exposure years of hearing damage at different noise intensities, that is, the number of people who produce hearing damage more than 5% of the exposure years, at 85dB (A) for 20 years, 90dB (A) for 10 years, 95dB (A) for 5 years, 100dB (A) and above are within 5 years. The time required to cause hearing damage in high intensity varies greatly, from as short as a few days to as long as several years, generally about 3 to 4 months. 3, the frequency and spectrum of noise: the tolerance of the human ear to low frequencies is stronger than those of medium and high frequencies. Sounds of 2000~4000Hz are most likely to cause cochlear damage, and narrow band sounds or pure tones are more influential than broad band sounds. In addition, intermittent noise is less damaging than continuous noise, sudden noise is more damaging than those that start gradually, and noise with vibration is more damaging to the inner ear than noise alone. 4. Individual differences: There are differences in people’s sensitivity to noise. Noise susceptible people account for about 5% of the population, and they not only cause a temporary threshold shift (TTS) after exposure to noise compared to the general population is very obvious, and recovery is also slow. Animals with different genotypes differ in their susceptibility to noise damage.15 Peter J Kazel studied15 the mouse cell membrane-ATPase isoform2 (PMCA2) gene and found that pure-sibling mice with mutations in this gene had a higher susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. After excessive noise stimulation, PMCA2 mutant mice showed a significant permanent threshold shift in auditory brainstem responses. In addition, hearing loss was more severe in mice with superoxide dismutase knockout.16 Peter M. Rabinowits et al. studied polymorphisms in two metabolic genes (GSTM1, GSTT1) related to glutathione s-transferase in 58 workers and found that workers possessing the GSTM1 gene had a higher frequency of aberrant product otoacoustic emissions, suggesting that outer hair cell function was altered. It suggests that this gene may play an important role in protecting cells from noise damage. 5.Noise type and exposure mode: impulse noise is more harmful than continuous noise, and duration is more harmful than indirect exposure. 6, other factors: such as age factors, the older the age, the more serious noise damage. Ear disease factors, those who suffer from sensorineural deafness are prone to noise hearing loss, at the same time, it is believed that a diseased auditory organ is also more difficult to recover after injury than a normal person. There are still differences of opinion regarding the effects of noise stimulation on patients with otitis media. In addition, the rapid onset of noise deafness and the severity of the lesions are closely related to personal protection. The onset and development of hearing damage is slow and mild when ear protectors and ear plugs are used for a long time in environmental noise. The use of soundproof, sound-proof and sound-absorbing equipment in the workplace can reduce the effects of noise.