1.Keep the gastrointestinal decompression tube unobstructed: A small amount of blood drained out 24~48h after cardia cancer surgery should be regarded as normal; if a large amount of blood is drained out, it should be reported to the doctor immediately. The gastrointestinal decompression tube should be kept for 3~5 days to reduce the anastomotic tension to facilitate healing. Pay attention to the accurate connection of the gastric tube, secure fixation, prevention of dislodgement and unobstructed drainage.
2. Closely observe the flow and nature of chest drainage: if abnormal bleeding, turbid fluid, food residue or celiac fluid is found in chest drainage, it indicates active bleeding, esophageal anastomotic fistula or celiac disease in the chest cavity, and corresponding measures should be taken to clarify the diagnosis and deal with it. If there is no abnormality, the drainage tube should be dialed off 1~3 days after cardia cancer surgery.
3.Strict control of diet: The esophagus lacks plasma membrane layer, so the anastomosis is slow to heal, and should be strictly fasted and water fasted after surgery. During the fasting period, intravenous fluids should be rehydrated daily. If a duodenal drip tube is placed, after the recovery of intestinal peristalsis on the 2nd day after surgery, nutrient solution can be dripped through the catheter to reduce the amount of infusion. On the 5th day after pancreatic cancer surgery, if there is no special change in the condition, milk can be fed orally, 60ml each time, every 2hl times, and equal amount of boiled water can be given during the interval, and if there is no adverse reaction, the amount can be increased day by day. On the 10th to 12th postoperative day, change to a dregs-free semi-liquid diet, but care should be taken to prevent eating too fast and too much.
4. Observe the symptoms of anastomotic fistula: The clinical manifestations of esophageal anastomotic fistula are high fever, rapid pulse, dyspnea, severe chest pain, intolerable, low breath sounds on the affected side, turbid percussion, elevated white blood cells and even shock.