The medication used to treat hemoptysis depends on the cause of the hemoptysis and the amount of bleeding. Common causes of hemoptysis include tuberculosis, lung cancer, and bronchiectasis. Commonly used drugs to stop hemoptysis include posterior pituitary hormone, phentolamine, procaine, and drugs to correct coagulation disorders (e.g., tranexamic acid).
1. Posterior pituitary hormone: the drug of choice in hemoptysis. By making pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduce pulmonary blood flow to achieve the purpose of hemostasis. If hemoptysis persists, posterior pituitary hormone can be used.
2. Phentolamine: it is α-blocking drug with strong vasodilator effect, which can reduce the anterior and posterior load of the heart, and lower the pulmonary artery and peripheral resistance; vasodilator and cardiotonic effect, which can make the right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance decrease, and make the pressure of pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein decrease at the same time to play the role of hemostasis.
3. Procaine: used for those who are contraindicated to posterior pituitary hormone.
4. Drugs for correcting coagulation disorders: 6-aminohexanoic acid, aminomethylenic acid, tranexamic acid, carbachol, phenol sulfonyl ethylamine, injectable hemagglutinin.
5. Other hemostatic drugs: nitroglycerin combined with posterior pituitary hormone, chlorpromazine, atropine or scopolamine, glucocorticosteroids, traditional Chinese medicine and so on.
6. Treatment of etiology: in addition to the symptomatic hemostatic treatment with the above hemostatic drugs, hemoptysis also needs to be treated for the etiology. If the hemoptysis is caused by tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis treatment such as rifampicin and isoniazid should be given; if the hemoptysis is caused by lung cancer, surgery or radiotherapy should be given; if the hemoptysis is caused by thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion should be given.
If the hemoptysis is caused by thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion should be given. If the hemoptysis is large in volume and the internal medicine treatment is ineffective, interventional embolization or surgical treatment can be considered.
When hemoptysis occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital in a timely manner, under the guidance of the doctor for treatment, and avoid taking medication on their own, so as to avoid massive hemoptysis when blood clots block the airway or other serious consequences.