1.Intestinal cramps
This is a kind of abdominal pain common in childhood, caused by strong contraction of intestinal wall muscles due to cold, overeating, eating a lot of cold drinks, and overfeeding of infants. Because it is a functional disorder, the prognosis is better and most of them can be cured by themselves. The location of the spastic intestine varies with age. In infants, it is more likely to occur in the ileum; in young children, it is more likely to occur in the pylorus, duodenum and upper jejunum; and in school-age children, it is most common in the sigmoid colon.
Children cannot report abdominal pain, but only present with sudden onset of paroxysmal crying, sometimes waking up from sleep, for a few minutes to ten minutes each time, with the pain stopping at times. The degree of abdominal pain varies, and severe cases may be accompanied by tossing and turning of the limbs, pallor, and chills in the hands and feet. Preschoolers can complain of abdominal pain, which is mostly around the umbilicus and is paroxysmal, with no intermittent discomfort. The abdominal pain in school-age children may be mild or severe, but the general condition is good, and most of them have abdominal pain that relieves or disappears as they grow older.
2. Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Mostly occurs when the cold, in addition to fever, sore throat, runny nose, the child has pain around the umbilicus, the abdomen also did not find the mass, when the cold improved, abdominal pain will gradually disappear.
3.Acute appendicitis
This is a common acute abdominal disease in children. It starts with pain around the umbilicus and can be transferred to the right lower abdomen after a few hours, with constant pain. The child is mostly accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, all with fever. Infants and young children have unclear statements and sometimes show only gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, if a child has abdominal pain accompanied by fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, parents should consider the possibility of acute appendicitis and should send him to the hospital as soon as possible.
4.Intestinal roundworm disease
Mostly due to poor dietary hygiene habits of children. The child often has pain around the umbilicus, yellow face, abdominal pain irregularly, often can be relieved by itself. There are also often teeth grinding, sleep disturbance, irritability and other manifestations. After applying deworming treatment, the abdominal pain can disappear.
5.Acute gastritis
Due to improper diet or infection with Helicobacter pylori causing pain in the upper middle abdomen accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and belching. Gastrointestinal barium meal or gastroscopy pick-up can often confirm the diagnosis.
6.Inserted hernia
Inguinal hernia is common in children. When a swelling appears in the inner part of the groin when the child stands or defecates by force, or only one side of the scrotum is enlarged, if the swelling cannot be retracted, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and vomiting will occur.
7, intussusception
Acute intussusception is mostly seen in obese and healthy infants and children within 2 years old, with sudden onset. Intussusception can cause abdominal colic, manifested as the original quiet children suddenly appear obvious irritability and discomfort, there may be general ankylosis. The legs are flexed toward the abdomen, the expression is painful, and the symptoms come on and off suddenly, while inexpressive infants there are paroxysmal cries, with normal behavior or quiet sleep between attacks. As the disease progresses, indifference and drowsiness may occur between episodes of abdominal pain. Vomiting is common, starting with undigested food, followed by vomiting of bile-like material, which may be followed by generalized writhing and breath-holding. In the early stage of intussusception, the colon peristalsis increases, the intestinal pressure rises, and the child passes a small amount of normal stool; later, the stool **shows blood, followed by dark red blood clots or jam-like stool due to intestinal ischemia and necrosis.
Chronic intussusception occurs mostly in children and has a long duration of illness, mostly 10 to 15 days. The main manifestations are abdominal masses and occasionally partial intestinal obstruction. In addition to abdominal pain, there is occasional vomiting, rarely bloody stools, and more moderate symptoms. It is mostly ileocolic intussusception, mostly secondary to organic intestinal lesions, such as tumors, polyps, Meckel’s diverticulum, appendiceal inversion, ascariasis, etc. The abdomen is soft and not distended, and an elastic swelling is palpated in the right upper abdomen, which is relatively fixed.
8.Constipation
It is one of the common causes of abdominal pain in children. Because the children usually eat less vegetables and drink less water, resulting in constipation, excessive intestinal peristalsis causes abdominal pain, abdominal pain disappears after defecation.
9.Allergic purpura
In recent years, the incidence of pediatric allergic purpura has increased, it is a kind of allergic disease, are accompanied by circumscribed symptoms. The first manifestation is skin purpura, the area varies in size, the surface is purplish red, mostly distributed in the limbs and buttocks, obvious at the ankle and knee joints. On this basis, paroxysmal severe abdominal colic appears, which is obvious around the umbilicus or lower abdomen, with pressure pain, but the abdomen is soft. It may be accompanied by diarrhea and blood in the stool of varying severity, with black or red stools. It is caused by bleeding and edema in the lining of the intestinal canal. Some children also have painful swollen joints and even hematuria.
10.Hives
Urticaria can cause abdominal pain. The characteristics of abdominal pain in abdominal urticaria are often related to the child’s consumption of food with allergens such as fish, shrimp, eggs, etc. It is often accompanied by periumbilical pain along with itchy skin rash, along with vomiting and diarrhea.