How to remove residual pacemaker electrode infections?

   The patient, a male, was implanted with a dual-chamber pacemaker 9 years ago for “III degree atrioventricular block”. 2 years ago, the pacemaker battery was exhausted and the pacemaker was replaced. A year ago, the skin at the left side of the original pacemaker electrode was repeatedly red, swollen and pus-filled, and the skin was repeatedly pus-filled even after treatment with debridement (see Figure 1). He was referred to our hospital on June 5, 2014 for further treatment.  After completing the relevant examination, it was decided to perform pacemaker electrode removal. Procedure: The infected skin was incised under local anesthesia, and after debridement, the residual electrode head end was fully exposed. A locking wire was applied to lock the electrode, and a dilating sheath was fed to separate the subclavian adhesions, which could not be advanced due to high resistance. The right atrial and right ventricular passive fixation electrodes were removed smoothly by traction of the locking wire (see Figure 2). The surgical procedure was uneventful. Postoperative antibiotic treatment for infected secretions sensitivity was given. The repeat cardiac ultrasound and chest radiograph showed no abnormalities and no complications.