Deafness, also known as hearing impairment, is a significant decrease in the patient’s ability to perceive and discriminate sounds, and it is a serious threat to the quality of life of people. In clinical practice, deafness is generally classified into three categories depending on the location and nature of the lesion, which are known as conductive deafness, sensorineural deafness and mixed deafness. What do we do when we are faced with deafness? In other words, how can we take the road less traveled. I. First, we need to know which type of deafness is. 1. Conductive deafness: Deafness that develops due to lesions in the outer and middle ear sound-transmitting bodies, where sound waves cannot effectively travel to the inner ear, for example, cerumen embolism, middle ear infection, etc. 2. Sensorineural deafness: It refers to the inability to convert sound waves into neural excitation due to lesions of the cochlear spiral apparatus; or the inability to transmit neural excitation to the brain due to disorders of the auditory nerve and its central neural pathway; or the inability to distinguish speech information due to lesions of the auditory center of the cerebral cortex, collectively referred to as sensorineural deafness. Such as Meniere’s disease, ear drug poisoning, vagotitis, noise damage, auditory neuroma, etc. 3.Mixed deafness: The presence of simultaneous lesions in the sound-transmitting and sound-sensitive structures of the ear leads to mixed deafness. Such as long-term chronic suppurative otitis media, advanced otosclerosis, and blast deafness. Secondly, I would like to tell you the principles of deafness treatment. 1. to restore or partially restore the lost hearing; 2. to try to preserve and use the residual hearing. Third, then comes the choice of treatment methods. 1.Drug treatment: Within six months after the occurrence of deafness, drug treatment such as improving inner ear circulation and hair cell nutrition should be taken, if there is no effect, then it should be abandoned. 2.Surgical treatment: Most of the patients with otitis media, congenital middle ear malformation, etc. belong to conductive deafness or mixed deafness, and the cause should be investigated and treated thoroughly. 3.Hearing aids: By far the most practical and effective treatment and rehabilitation means for patients with sensorineural deafness or conductive deafness who have lost the opportunity of medication and surgery. 4.Cochlear implant surgery: It is suitable for patients with total deafness whose hearing aids are ineffective, but the clinical application is limited because a case of surgery costs about 200,000 RMB, which is very expensive. 5.Auditory and speech training. (1) Auditory training: After deaf patients are fitted with hearing aids, they should gradually cultivate their listening habits and improve their abilities of auditory perception, auditory attention, auditory localization, recognition and memory. (2) Speech training: To train deaf children to vocalize, read lips, and then understand and accumulate vocabulary, master grammar rules, and express thoughts and feelings flexibly and accurately. Through the joint efforts of the teachers and parents of the Deaf Children Rehabilitation Center, the deaf children will become “deaf but not dumb”.