1.What is aberrant spermatozoa? During routine semen examination, where the percentage of deformed sperm exceeds 85% (WHO 4th edition manual standard; 5th edition manual is 96%. Many scholars still use the criteria of the 4th edition manual to diagnose teratozoospermia), can be diagnosed as teratozoospermia, is one of the important causes of male infertility. 2.What are the factors that lead to sperm malformation? Mainly in the process of sperm development, due to infection of the reproductive organs (such as orchitis, epididymitis, etc.), resulting in sperm development disorders and abnormal sperm morphology; or due to varicose veins of the spermatozoa resulting in an increase in malformed sperm; or due to systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, tumors, aplastic anemia or some drugs affecting sperm development and resulting in its abnormal morphology; or other factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, radiation, high-temperature work, etc. Environmental, life factors; some scholars believe that genetics is also an important factor of malformed sperm. 3.What is fetal malformation? Fetal malformation is a kind of birth defect, refers to the fetus in the uterus when the cells, tissues, organs have structural or functional defects abnormal. The real mechanism that causes fetal malformation is still unknown. However, it is believed that the occurrence of malformed children may be related to maternal pregnancy (especially the first trimester) radiation, environmental pollution, certain teratogenic drugs, viral infections, maternal and infant blood type incompatibility and certain genetic factors. 4, sperm malformation and fetal malformation are not equivalent concepts sperm malformation mainly affects the movement of sperm, penetration of cervical mucus, and fertilized egg union and other conception processes, reducing the chances of natural pregnancy. However, generally speaking, sperm that can conceive are good sperm. What is more important in determining the normal development of the fetus is the genetic material carried by both sexes and the normal expression of this genetic material, related to the risk factors to which the mother was exposed during pregnancy during the embryonic period. Therefore: sperm malformation only reduces the chance of conception and does not directly lead to fetal malformation. 5.How to reduce sperm malformation and fetal malformation? Parents-to-be of childbearing age should have preconception eugenics counseling, plan conception, both men and women should undergo routine checkups; expectant mothers during pregnancy should have regular maternity checkups, follow medical advice for necessary prenatal screening, get away from harmful toxins, ionizing radiation, etc. In addition, in order to have a healthy baby, not only do we need the joint efforts of the parents-to-be, but we also need to work together to improve the perinatal health care network, popularize health education and knowledge of eugenics, advocate age-appropriate childbirth, strengthen genetic counseling and obstetric diagnosis, and if congenital anomalies are diagnosed that have no treatment or survival potential, abortion should be induced to terminate the pregnancy.