Laryngospasm refers to the reflex spasmodic contraction of the laryngeal muscles, causing the vocal folds to retract and the vocal chambers to partially or completely close, resulting in varying degrees of dyspnea or even complete airway obstruction. Local irritation of the vocal folds by secretions can cause laryngospasm. Laryngospasm may manifest as mild inspiratory stridor in mild cases or complete upper airway obstruction in severe cases. Adults with laryngospasm should maintain a high degree of sedation, close their mouths and breathe slowly through the nose, or take a deep breath; children can be poured cold water on the face, cold compresses on the neck, tapping the buttocks, back or traction on the tongue (wrapped with clean gauze for their tongue), which can make the spasm subside. Slowly drinking hot drinks or inhaling isoamyl nitrite can also make the spasms subside. Laryngospasm may recur and sometimes sedation is required.