The initial determination of anencephaly can usually be made at 10-14 weeks of gestation, and further clarification can be made when a screening test is performed at 18-24 weeks of gestation. In early pregnancy, when the fetal nuchal translucency thickness is measured, a high NT value indicates that the fetus may be at a higher risk of anencephaly, which can roughly screen out pregnant women at high risk of anencephaly. In the second trimester, cranial malformations and defects can be seen by ultrasound, along with increased amniotic fluid, which can be further determined by prenatal screening for Down’s syndrome. Anencephaly is a type of neural tube abnormality, which is characterized by frog-like face, complete absence of the brain and absence of scalp and skull, and may be accompanied by different degrees of spina bifida, and is caused by incomplete closure of the neural tube during the embryonic period due to genetic and environmental influences. The child is usually not viable and once diagnosed with anencephaly the pregnancy needs to be terminated by induction of labor as soon as possible, otherwise it will bring a huge burden to the family and society. Therefore, pregnant women must have regular maternity checkups during pregnancy and take folic acid as prescribed by the doctor in early pregnancy to prevent neural tube abnormalities in the fetus. Pay attention to personal hygiene during pregnancy, avoid infections, seek medical advice in time for discomfort, and forbid self-medication to avoid endangering the fetus. Avoid exposure to radiation or harmful substances, which may cause fetal malformation.