(Disclaimer: This article is for general use only. To protect Ms. Wang’s privacy, the following information has been processed) Abstract: The subject of this case is 40-year-old Ms. Wang, who has been infertile for many years after marriage and has undergone IVF several times but failed. Ultrasound examination of the uterus suggested “uneven endometrial echogenicity”, and “primary infertility” was considered, so she was admitted to the hospital. After admission, hysteroscopy was arranged and uterine polyps were found during the operation and excised. Postoperative pathology indicated “uterine polyps and endometritis”. Basic information】Female, 40 years old 【Disease type】Uterine polyp, primary infertility, endometritis 【Hospital】Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 【Visiting time】March 2022 【Treatment plan】Surgical treatment (hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy) + medication (doxycycline hydrochloride tablets) 【Treatment cycle】Hospitalization for 4 days 【Treatment result】Uterine polyp removed, condition controlled and discharged successfully Two years ago, when she underwent the first IVF procedure, she had a hysteroscopy at the reproductive hospital and no abnormalities were found. In the past 2 years, there were 3 transplants, but none of them were successful. Ms. Wang and her husband were very troubled and decided to change the hospital after discussion, so they visited our hospital in March 2022. The endometrial ultrasound examination indicated “uneven echogenicity of the endometrium”. Since the poor endometrium would directly affect the embryo implantation, Ms. Wang was suggested to have another hysteroscopy to check the endometrial condition. She agreed and was admitted to hospital with “primary infertility”. II. Treatment After admission, preoperative examinations such as blood routine, coagulation function, vaginal secretion examination and electrocardiogram were perfected and no obvious abnormalities were found. The hysteroscopy revealed that the uterine cavity was normal in size, there were flocculent changes on the surface of the endometrium, four fleshy projections on the anterior and lateral walls of the uterus, and the opening of the fallopian tubes was clear. The operation went smoothly and Ms. Wang returned to the ward for observation after the operation. Since the surgical operation was not major, doxycycline hydrochloride tablets were given orally for 14 days after the operation. After the surgery, Ms. Wang’s uterine polyp was removed, her general condition was good, her vital signs were normal, there was no infection and other abnormalities, and she did not feel any discomfort. Three days after the operation, the pathological examination results returned: uterine polyp, a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the endometrium, endometritis changes were considered. The doctor informed Ms. Wang of her condition and considered that the main reason for her embryo not to be implanted was related to endometrial inflammation, and uterine polyp was also one of the manifestations of endometritis, and suggested Ms. Wang to actively treat endometrial inflammation and wait for endometritis to be cured before transferring. Five days after admission, the rechecked blood count was normal, there was no abdominal pain and a small amount of vaginal bleeding, which was normal after the operation and was given to discharge. In conclusion, the patient was hospitalized for a total of 4 days, her uterine polyps were removed, her condition was controlled and she was discharged successfully. （We are glad that Ms. Wang’s uterine polyp was removed and her condition was under control after active treatment. It is recommended to continue to take doxycycline hydrochloride tablets according to the doctor’s prescription after discharge from the hospital, as well as not to have intercourse for 1 month and pay attention to hygiene to avoid infection. Multiple failed transplants tend to have a great psychological impact on Ms. Wang, causing her to be too nervous, which is not conducive to conception. Therefore, it is recommended that both spouses relax and, if necessary, consult a psychology clinic to relieve stress. In order to increase the chance of successful transplantation, Ms. Wang can do more aerobic exercises, eat a scientific and nutritious diet, and ensure sufficient sleep. V. Personal insight There are many causes of female infertility. In this case, Ms. Wang had the indications for IVF surgery after her husband’s semen abnormalities were found, but the embryos did not lay after several embryo transfer operations, so it was suggested to check the endometrium in detail again by hysteroscopy. The hysteroscopy revealed uterine polyps and endometritis, and after the removal of the polyps and active anti-inflammatory treatment, Ms. Wang’s condition was controlled and her chances of success in the next transfer would be improved accordingly.