Obstructive jaundice is a common clinical pathology that can cause systemic multi-organ dysfunction, and its proper management is of great importance. The principles of surgical management are outlined below. I. Clear etiology and lesion site 1. Detailed medical history Medical history includes history of trauma, surgical history, family history, especially the present history should be asked in detail, the patient’s clinical manifestations can provide clues for diagnosis. The clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice can be divided into four categories: (1) complete obstruction: common in malignant tumors, congenital biliary atresia, etc. (2) Intermittent obstruction: Commonly seen in benign diseases such as cholelithiasis, but also in periampullary tumors, etc. (3) Chronic incomplete obstruction: common in benign diseases such as common bile duct injury, bile-intestinal anastomosis and sphincter of Oddi stenosis. (4) Segmental obstruction: commonly seen in intrahepatic bile duct stones, sclerosing cholangitis, bile duct cancer, bile duct injury and other conditions. Note that medically induced bile duct injury may manifest as delayed obstructive jaundice. 2.Perform necessary preoperative routine examination including blood biochemistry, immunological examination, etc., to fully understand the important organs such as heart, lung, liver, kidney and general condition of the whole body. 3.To develop a reasonable diagnostic imaging procedure firstly, ultrasound examination is performed to understand whether there is dilatation of the bile ducts inside and outside the liver, the degree, extent and symmetry of the dilatation; the morphology of the gallbladder; and whether there are occupying lesions in the liver, bile and jugular abdomen. In cases of lower biliary tract lesions, obesity, obvious gas accumulation in the intestine and unclear diagnosis by ultrasound, CT and MRCP examinations are feasible. If the diagnosis is still unclear, if the intrahepatic bile ducts are obviously dilated, ERCP or percutaneous hepatic perforation cholangiography (PTC) should be sought; II. If the patient cannot tolerate surgery or the tumor is estimated to be unresectable, endoscopic or percutaneous metal endoprosthesis can be placed to drain the tumor; 4. If the patient can tolerate surgery but the tumor cannot be removed, bile duct-jejunostomy can be performed.