There are three factors that lead to intellectual disability, namely congenital factors, maternal factors, and acquired factors.
I. Congenital factors (including both hereditary diseases and maternal problems during pregnancy)
(i) Hereditary diseases
1, chromosomal abnormalities: is due to from genetic, or chromosomes in meiosis, or maternal exposure to radiation and other unexpected factors, and the formation of hereditary diseases, such as Down syndrome.
2. Metabolic abnormalities: There are two main conditions.
(1)The chromosomes are the same as normal people, but the genetic genes are faulty or less;
(2) Pregnant women have the disease during pregnancy, which may cause the fetus to have abnormal genetic factors. The common feature of all metabolic diseases is that the body cannot use a substance, and these children have varying degrees of brain damage. Such as phenylketonuria.
(3), consanguineous marriage: the percentage of children born to consanguineous marriages with congenital malformations or death is 3-4 times higher than the general group.
(B), maternal pregnancy problems
1, drug effects: such as tetracycline, quinine, narcotics, etc. have been shown to be harmful to the fetus.
2.Rubella virus: Babies whose mothers have rubella may suffer from blindness, deafness, heart disease, brain damage, etc.
3, cytomegalovirus: early infection in pregnant women is likely to cause miscarriage and stillbirth; late infection mainly causes microcephaly, impaired intellectual development or jaundice, progressive enlargement of the liver and spleen and symptoms of bleeding in various organs.
4.Emotional depression;
5.Endocrine abnormalities;
6.Alcoholism and smoking;
7, radiation effects
Second, the birth process factors – all kinds of factors in the birth process
1, birth asphyxia: too long a delivery can cause obstructed labor, resulting in neonatal hypoxia; the birth process is too short, the fetus is too late to adapt to the sudden change in air pressure, sometimes causing cerebrovascular rupture and bleeding, affecting the development of brain cells later.
2, premature birth, low weight babies: gestation less than 260 days, weight less than 2500 grams of the newborn baby neurological system is easy to have damage.
3, the mother’s own poor health
Third, acquired factors
Neonatal hemolytic disease, accidents, brain diseases, iodine deficiency, central nervous system injury, cranial malformation, poisoning, industrial pollution, poor environment and lack of education, severe malnutrition, etc. can lead to.
In conclusion, regardless of the causes of intellectual disability in children, as mothers and family members, it is important to detect them in time and give correct education early to promote their development and lay the foundation for the formation of good behavioral habits and personality qualities, so that children can return to society as much as possible.