Knee dislocation, fracture, and blunt force trauma to the popliteal fossa are most often caused by violence, and the rate of limb amputation increases significantly after injury, so the management must strive to re-establish blood flow. The common clinical supracondylar fracture of the femur is caused by the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterior part of the popliteal fossa, resulting in posterior displacement of the distal end of the fracture and causing popliteal artery injury. In addition, traumatic dislocation of the knee, comminuted fractures of the condyles, and blunt force trauma to the popliteal fossa are another common group of clinical causes. Popliteal artery injury is commonly seen in supracondylar femoral fractures due to posterior popliteal contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle resulting in posterior displacement of the distal end of the fracture. Traumatic dislocation of the knee, comminuted fractures of the condyle, and blunt force trauma to the popliteal fossa are other common clinical causes. Emphasis is placed on the prevention and treatment of calf interosseous syndrome. From a certain point of view, calf intermittent syndrome and popliteal artery involvement can be causative of each other and tend to form a vicious circle. Therefore, it must be eliminated to prevent exacerbation of the condition.