The goal of pulmonary embolism treatment is to save lives, stabilize the condition, and revascularize the lungs. Hemodynamic instability is a feature of acute massive pulmonary embolism, with a mortality rate of 20%. Basic treatment includes oxygenation, establishment of intravenous access, analgesia, treatment of cardiogenic shock, anticoagulation and intravenous thrombolytic therapy. For this type of shock, the main focus is on rehydration and positive inotropic drugs to ensure right ventricular perfusion. Currently, intravenous thrombolytic therapy is mainly used for acute massive pulmonary embolism in hemodynamically unstable patients internationally. In view of the broad indications for thrombolytic therapy in China, it should be noted. The commonly used drugs and their usage abroad are as follows. Wen Peng, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Chest Hospital, Shandong Province, China: 10 MU intravenous injection twice, administered more than 30 minutes apart. Alteplase (rt-PA): 100 mg intravenous drip for more than 2 hours. Streptokinase: 250,000 units over 30 minutes, followed by 100,000 units/hour for 24 hours. Anticoagulant therapy is currently used internationally for the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with non-massive pulmonary embolism, mainly with anticoagulants, including low molecular weight heparin and warfarin, which are contraindicated in patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial bleeding. The commonly used drugs and methods in Europe and America are as follows: low molecular weight heparin calcium: 4100 IU, subcutaneous injection, q12h. enoxaparin: 4000 IU, subcutaneous injection, q12h. dalteparin sodium: 200 IU/kg, subcutaneous injection, qd. tinzaparin: 175 IU/kg, subcutaneous injection, qd, given at the same time every day for 6 days until warfarin or other The drug was discontinued when warfarin or other long-acting anticoagulants took effect. During anticoagulation therapy, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) should be monitored to maintain the APTT at 1.5-2.5 times the normal value. Anticoagulation therapy should be started immediately in patients with high suspicion of pulmonary embolism, including elderly patients, to prevent the spread of thrombosis and recurrence. Low-molecular-weight heparin has fewer adverse effects, good efficacy and wide indications. Warfarin can be taken orally, but the onset of action is slow, and the duration of anticoagulation therapy should be long enough. Antiplatelet agents such as aspirin are not suitable as anticoagulation therapy for venous thromboembolism alone. Prophylactic anticoagulation should be administered to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with high risk factors for pulmonary embolism who have undergone surgical procedures, in those with severe cardiopulmonary disease, and in most intensive care unit patients. Surgical interventions such as catheter thrombolysis, catheter thrombectomy and catheter aspiration are not used much, but only for hemodynamically unstable patients, large pulmonary embolism, and patients for whom thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated or ineffective, and are currently performed only in a few hospitals abroad. There is no evidence that inferior vena cava filter placement can improve survival or reduce the recurrence rate of pulmonary embolism, and switching to low-molecular-weight heparin therapy is equally effective. However, it can be used in: acute venous thrombosis with contraindications to anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy; acute venous thrombosis in patients at high risk for recurrent episodes despite anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy; survivors of massive pulmonary embolism; and pulmonary arterial hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy. A small percentage of patients with acute pulmonary embolism and chronic recurrent pulmonary embolism may develop chronic pulmonary hypertension. Commonly used therapeutic drugs include anticoagulant warfarin, anti-platelet aggregation drugs, vasodilators and anti-heart failure drugs. Pulmonary artery thrombosis endothelial and venous filter placement can also be considered when necessary. The surgical treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism is progressing rapidly and the results are still acceptable. Surgical indications should be closely grasped.