Allergic dermatitis is an acute, subacute or chronic inflammatory skin disease with a pronounced tendency to exude caused by a variety of internal and external factors.
I. Symptom characteristics
The rash can be polymorphic, symmetrical, recurrent, itchy and intense, with only a few scattered small red papules, erythema and mild swelling in mild cases, or local edema, diffuse erythema, blisters of varying sizes, or even oozing vesicles in severe cases. Patients may have a family history of allergies, with a history of urticaria, asthma or allergic rhinitis in family members. Some special areas such as the anus, scrotum, breast, hand, calf, periocular area, face, and scalp are also good sites for dermatitis and eczema.
Second, the etiology and initiating factors
1, external factors such as living environment, mechanical trauma to the skin, infection, etc.
2, external stimuli such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, cold, heat, dryness, sweating, scratching, as well as a variety of animal fur, plants, chemicals, etc., some daily necessities such as balsam and other cosmetics, soap, artificial fibers, rough fabrics can be induced.
3, certain foods, such as garlic, onion, chili, beef and mutton, seafood can induce the disease.
4.Emotional stress.
Third, treatment precautions
1, clear cause, the right medicine: dermatitis and eczema have a variety of causes, some related to allergies, some and allergies are not. It is very difficult for patients to discover this on their own, but an experienced dermatologist can help you discover the potential causes of the disease. It is advisable to visit a dermatologist at a regular hospital and decide whether allergen testing is necessary based on the advice of the dermatologist, which will also facilitate future lifestyle adjustments to avoid allergies as much as possible.
2, typical skin changes and exposure history can help diagnose, confirming the diagnosis requires detailed history and patch test, patch test with standard group of contact allergens has diagnostic value (pay attention to concentration and timing).
4, for stubborn eczema, you can consider phototherapy, strong topical hormones and oral immunosuppressants.
5, can not find the cause of the disease should try to avoid external irritants and irritating food. Choose some internal medications such as antihistamines, nerve regulating drugs such as vitamin B, glutamate, etc.
Health education and behavior guidance program
1. Avoid all kinds of stimulating factors, avoid hot water washing, excessive scratching, remove suspected triggers, avoid drinking alcohol and spicy food, avoid contact with stimulating factors such as excessive use of soap and detergents, contact with certain chemicals, rough clothes, inappropriate temperature and humidity, contact with specific allergens, emotional stress, skin infections.
2, improper implementation of medical advice, bathing too often, may aggravate the condition.
3.Appropriate skin hydration.
(1) Dry skin is a potential factor causing eczema.
(2) Scratching dry skin can aggravate skin inflammation.
(3) Irritants and allergens are more likely to enter dry skin.
(4) Dry skin is more likely to dry in cold seasons and areas.
(5) Frequent hand washing will wash away the skin’s natural secretion of oil (including doctors, nurses, hairdressers and other professions).
(4) Use of emollients (requires continuous use).
Emollients provide a skin barrier to prevent water evaporation.
Forms: lotions, creams, ointments. Lotions and creams are generally water-based. Ointments are generally oil-based. The best emollients should be free of preservatives, fragrances, vitamins, alcohol and urea. Such as Beijing Century Hospital topical preparations: silicone oil ointment, cod liver oil ointment, etc.
5. Correct bathing habits.
(1) Soak in a mild lotion for 20 minutes.
(2) Avoid bath towels and soap, etc.
(3) pat the skin dry with a towel, do not apply dry.
(4) Use emollients when the skin is still dry.
(5) Emollients must be applied within 3 minutes to keep the skin moist.
(6) Emollients must be absorbable.
(7) Emollients should be used frequently to keep the skin moist.