Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis is a common clinical vascular disease. Due to the lack of understanding of this disease in the past, most cases were misdiagnosed or missed. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of clinicians’ knowledge and the increasing maturity of diagnostic conditions such as ultrasound and angiography, the detection rate of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis has been greatly improved. Once the deep vein thrombosis is dislodged, it can reach the pulmonary artery along the course of the blood vessel and lead to pulmonary artery embolism. Some patients can die within minutes, therefore, vena cava filter is used clinically as an effective means to prevent pulmonary embolism. However, not all patients with deep vein thrombosis require a vena cava filter. The circumstances under which a vena cava filter should be implanted and the choice of vena cava filter varies among medical institutions in China, and further standardization is needed. There is an international consensus on the indications for vena cava filter implantation, which is based on a large number of clinical cases and evidence-based research methods.