The health of a child is a great comfort to parents, especially for younger children, who want to grow up without illness. However, many children suffer from diseases at a young age for various reasons, which can lead to a long road of medical treatment, including some children with smog. According to medical data, the clinical manifestations of smog are divided into two types: ischemic and hemorrhagic, of which children are basically the ischemic type. The common symptoms are severe headache, aphasia, and weakness of one limb. Children may also suffer from impaired consciousness, blurred vision, gradual cognitive and memory loss, and seizures. Clinically, the development of children with smog is much slower than that of normal children of the same age because smog directly affects the child’s intellectual development, and long-term untreated disease can lead to dementia and epilepsy. The danger of pediatric smog is not to be underestimated, as parents must be vigilant enough to go to the hospital for detailed examination and active and effective treatment once the child is found to have similar symptoms. Direct bypass surgery, patching and combined vascular bypass surgery are several common clinical procedures for the treatment of smog. Direct bypass improves the blood supply to a limited extent, and patients are likely to have symptoms again, while patching still has a high incidence of brain infarction due to a certain period of time (about 3-6 months) for the formation of new blood vessels. Combined vascular bypass is different, as it is an effective combination of the first two procedures that can achieve multiple outcomes with a single surgery, and has been continuously clinically proven to have significant advantages in the treatment of smog. While the appropriate surgical procedure is important, the surgeon is also an integral part of the treatment process, and a strong and experienced surgeon can greatly improve safety and efficacy.