Two methods of localization are still used: the anatomical method based on the sulcal gyrus and the commonly used method of localization of the 47 functional brain regions proposed by Brodmann. The regions delineated by these functional localizations are relative, and the boundaries of the regions are not clearly separated from each other. In addition, among the functional areas of the brain, some exist at birth, such as motor, sensory, visual and auditory cortical areas, etc.; some are formed gradually in the dominant hemisphere after birth during work, life and extensive contact with society and nature, such as the language center and the use center belong to this category. Cortical motor area: mainly located in the precentral gyrus (area 4). The axons of the giant cone cells in this area form the cone bundle, and the body parts are arranged in this area in an inverted human shape from top to bottom. It manages the random movements of the contralateral hemisphere, but it also has ipsilateral management part, which shows that the contralateral hemisphere can still move when one hemisphere is damaged, and such ipsilateral innervation fibers are more in the proximal end of the limb than in the distal end, and more in the lower limb than in the upper limb. Premotor area: Located in the premotor area (area 6), it is the cortical area of the extrapyramidal system. Fibers emanating to the thalamus, basal ganglia and red nucleus are associated with joint motor and postural regulation. The frontal-pontocerebellar tract also originates here, and this tract is associated with ataxic movements. This area is also part of the cortical center of the visceral or vegetative nerves. The premotor area also includes a narrow strip of inhibitory area, which has the role of muscle relaxation and inhibition of movement. 1, cortical motor area: mainly located in the precentral gyrus (area 4). The axons of the giant cone cells in this area form the cone bundle, and the body parts are arranged in this area in an inverted human shape from top to bottom. Management of the contralateral hemisphere random movement, but there is also ipsilateral management part, as shown in one hemisphere damage when the contralateral hemisphere can still move, this ipsilateral innervation fibers in the proximal end of the limb more than the distal end, the lower limb more than the upper limb. 3, cortical oculomotor area: that is, the frontal lobe of area 8 and occipital lobe of area 19 for the eye ipsilateral lateral gaze center (gaze center), when stimulated to produce two eyes to the opposite side of the ipsilateral obliquity. 4.Frontal joint area: it is located in the frontal lobe (area 9, 10, 11), which is closely related to intelligence and mental activity, and can cause changes in intelligence, personality and spirit when damaged. 5.Cortical sensory area: mainly located in the postcentral gyrus and supra-parietal lobule. The postcentral gyrus (areas 1, 2 and 3) is the cortical area of superficial and deep sensation, and the arrangement of the body parts in the sensory area corresponds roughly to the arrangement of the motor area. The superior parietal lobule (areas 5 and 7) is the cortical area of solid sensation (form sense) that recognizes objects by touch. Generally, superficial sensation is mainly projected to the contralateral cortical sensory area, but some fibers are also projected to the ipsilateral cortical sensory area; while deep sensation and solid sensation are only in the contralateral cortical sensory area, so when one cortical sensory area is damaged, superficial sensory impairment is light while deep sensation and solid sensory impairment is heavy. 6, visual cortical area (area 17): located in the two lips of the talar fissure and the adjacent part of the lingual gyrus of the cuneus. The inferior nasal half of the retina projects to the inferior lip of the contralateral occipital talar fissure (lingual gyrus), and the inferior temporal half to the inferior lip of the ipsilateral talar fissure; the superior nasal half of the retina projects to the superior lip of the contralateral occipital talar fissure (cuneus), and the superior temporal half to the superior lip of the ipsilateral talar fissure; the macular fibers project to the posterior part of this area, and each has a part of fiber crossing. 7, auditory cortical area: located in the middle of the transverse temporal gyrus within the lateral fissure (area 41). Each side of the auditory cortex receives afferent excitation from both sides of the cochlear nerve, so damage to one side of the auditory cortex does not cause hearing impairment. 8. Olfactory cortical area: or the olfactory center, including the olfactory area, the hook gyrus and the anterior part of the hippocampal gyrus. One side of the damage does not produce olfactory impairment. 9.Visceral cortical areas: mainly located in the limbic tract and its adjacent areas, including the anterior part of the cingulate gyrus, anterior part of the temporal lobe, posterior part of the orbital gyrus, insula, hook gyrus, hippocampal gyrus, etc. When these areas are stimulated or damaged by lesions, they cause disorders of gastrointestinal, vasomotor, blood pressure, heart rate and respiration. In fact, it is not only the limbic tract and its adjacent areas that govern visceral activity, but also areas such as frontal areas 6 and 8 are associated with vasomotor, sweat gland, and gastrointestinal activity. The paracentral lobule on the medial side of the frontal lobe is associated with bladder function. 10. Language and use centers of the dominant hemisphere (1) Motor language center. It is located in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (area 44) of the dominant hemisphere, also known as the commissural gyrus, and is the center that governs language movement. (2) The writing center. Located in the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus, just anterior to the precentral gyrus hand area. (3) Auditory language center. It is located in the posterior part of the auditory cortical area of the transverse temporal gyrus (area 42), also known as the werniche’s gyrus. Its function is to understand the sounds and language heard. (4) Visual language center. Located in the angular gyrus (area 19). It is the cortical area that understands words or symbols seen. (5) Use center. Located in the supramarginal gyrus (area 40) of the dominant hemisphere, its function is related to complex movements or labor skills.