Vertigo is a common clinical syndrome. According to statistics, vertigo is the third most common symptom in outpatient clinics, and most people experience vertigo during their lifetime. However, there is a difference between vertigo and dizziness and lightheadedness. Vertigo is an illusion produced by the cerebral cortex, which makes you feel that you are moving relative to the outside world, such as rotating, rolling, tipping, lifting or shaking; when you open your eyes, you see the outside objects rotating in a certain direction, but when you close your eyes, you feel that you are rotating in the opposite direction, so vertigo is an “anti-rotation illusion”. Vertigo can be caused not only by head diseases but also by some otologic diseases such as Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness with vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, etc. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular diseases that cause vertigo. The vertigo occurs suddenly when the head position changes, and the patient feels intense rotational vertigo, which usually lasts less than 40 seconds. The common triggering positions are getting up, lying down or turning over in bed, turning the head, and also when suddenly accelerating or decelerating in a car. Although the duration is only a few seconds to a few minutes, the psychological threat posed by the patient’s fear is much greater than the disease itself. The disease may have no hearing changes, but in patients with secondary ear disease, hearing loss may occur. The cause of BPPV is otolithiasis, trauma, and inadequate blood supply to the inner ear. An important structure in the inner ear that maintains balance is the semicircular canal. The semicircular canal, as well as the ellipsoidal and balloon saccules, sense linear and angular acceleration. The otolith membrane has many calcium carbonate crystals, and the otoliths contain a large amount of calcium ions; when there is mild head trauma or accelerated head movement, sudden deafness, suppurative otitis media, ear surgery or insufficient blood supply to the inner ear due to actinic sclerosis or hypertension, or age-related degeneration of the inner ear, the otoliths will be shed and increase, and there is an obstacle to absorption, and the otolith fragments enter the long arm of the semicircular canal or adhere to the top of the crest. When the number of fragments reaches the stimulation threshold, vertigo can be produced. Do not be afraid when vertigo occurs, as most patients can be cured by outpatient treatment. The patient’s vertigo can be cured by changing the position of the head in a certain direction and returning the dislodged otoliths to the ellipsoidal sac without the need for injections or fluids. The treatment takes only a few minutes and can be basically cured by repeating two to three times for severe recurrent patients. However, only positional vertigo is introduced here. Vertigo is a complex disease related to multiple departments, so if you have long-standing untreated vertigo, we recommend you to come to a regular hospital for examination and treatment.