Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia, especially in the elderly, with 1 in 10 people over the age of 75 suffering from atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation can be caused by a variety of factors, including aging, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, rheumatic heart disease, and heart valve disease, and sometimes even without these conditions. Atrial fibrillation often starts with a burst of episodes, clinically known as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. During this phase, patients may feel panic, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and in severe cases, may experience dizziness, dark haze, or even syncope. Over time, the symptoms of atrial fibrillation may gradually reduce or even not feel its attacks, but in fact, atrial fibrillation is becoming more and more severe, and even continuous attacks do not end, and there is no longer a normal heartbeat, at which point atrial fibrillation reaches a relatively advanced stage of the disease, clinically known as persistent atrial fibrillation. Many patients with persistent atrial fibrillation are discovered on occasional physical examinations or electrocardiograms in the absence of any symptoms. This is where the greatest danger of persistent AF lies – in the form of a latent killer. It is not an alarmist statement to say that persistent AF is a “latent killer” because it has two major fatal threats, neither of which is a direct result of AF. The most common and serious danger of atrial fibrillation is stroke. There is an old saying that “a household pivot is not worm-eaten, and water does not rot”, and this is also true in the heart. In the atrium, there is an area called the left atrium, which is a dead-end-like structure. After atrial fibrillation, the left auricle does not contract to assist blood drainage as it normally does, so blood enters the left auricle and does not come out easily, stagnating inside and easily clotting up, which is medically called a thrombus. When this thrombus falls down, the most common is to run to the brain, blocking the artery and causing a stroke, resulting in hemiplegia or even death. When the clot reaches other parts of the body, such as the abdomen or limbs, it can cause pain or necrosis, which are very serious cases. Another danger of atrial fibrillation is heart failure. Some people have coronary heart disease or other cardiomyopathies, and if atrial fibrillation is not well controlled, it may lead to heart muscle failure, which is fine for daily life in mild cases, but when you go upstairs or move around, you will not be able to breathe, and in severe cases, you will wake up from sleep and have to sit up to improve, and in severe cases, you cannot move around. Therefore, the danger of atrial fibrillation should not be evaluated by the presence or absence of symptoms, but by taking into account and carefully assessing the risk of serious secondary problems such as thrombosis and heart failure, and actively seeking ways to solve them, both as a physician and as a patient. Catheter ablation is currently one of the most effective means of curing atrial fibrillation, with success rates of up to 80% or more for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and has been recommended and endorsed by global cardiovascular industry guidelines in the United States, Europe, and China. Persistent atrial fibrillation has a longer duration and more lesions leading to atrial fibrillation, and currently therefore cannot be cured by drug therapy, and catheter ablation therapy is the only hope for an endoscopic cure. The efficacy of existing methods is about 50%, and the fundamental reason for this is that the variability of each patient is ignored. Some patients have had AF for more than 10 years, while others have had it for only a few months. Some patients have a very markedly enlarged left atrium, while others have a normal-sized left atrium. If we treated all patients with the same ablation method, some would be over-treated, while others would still be ineffective. At present, after nearly two years of clinical research, it has been confirmed that the success rate of this method in treating persistent atrial fibrillation is about 82% for a single procedure, which is already at paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and is much higher than the current success rate of 50% for ablation by conventional methods. Moreover, the safety of the procedure has also increased significantly, mainly in the form of a much shorter total procedure time than before, with each procedure taking about 3 hours on average, and also for the X-ray exposure required during the procedure, which is significantly shorter, all of which are more benefits obtained on the basis of guaranteed results. The preliminary results of the NJ approach for persistent AF are very encouraging and have been published in leading international arrhythmia journals and the NJ approach has been presented at numerous international and national meetings. It is hoped that more and more patients with persistent atrial fibrillation will benefit from the NJ approach and escape the threat of a latent killer.