Urinary tract infections are one of the common infectious diseases in children and a major health risk in children, and can often cause serious complications such as infectious shock under the age of 1 year. Urinary tract infections in children are usually not as clearly localized to the upper or lower urinary tract as they may be in adults, and all children with urinary tract infections are generally given 7 to 14 days of antimicrobial therapy according to the norms of diagnosis and treatment. Parents often believe that long-term antibiotic therapy has adverse effects on their children and rarely adhere to it. This may eventually lead to recurrent urinary tract infections. Analysis of clinical data shows that long courses (7-14 days) of antimicrobial therapy have a lower failure rate and no increase in reinfection rates compared to short courses of therapy (≤3 days). Scientists have analyzed the possible reasons for the failure of short courses of treatment to include: 1. Children have no obvious symptoms until the infection reaches the upper urinary tract, and by the time the child is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection, often the infection has already affected the upper urinary tract – which requires intensive antimicrobial therapy; 2. Due to anatomical abnormalities in children and/or vesicoureteral reflux, children with urinary tract infections are more likely to develop occult pyelonephritis and renal fibrosis —- which requires more intensive antimicrobial therapy; therefore, urinary tract infections in children require more prolonged antimicrobial therapy than in adults.