Neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy emphasizes comprehensive treatment, early treatment and adequate treatment, so the best time to treat this disease is after the disease diagnosis is clear. Most neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is caused by intrauterine distress, such as fetal heart monitoring of less than 100 beats/min for more than 5 minutes, or third-degree contamination of the amniotic fluid, resulting in significant asphyxia during delivery. Once neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is diagnosed, immediate symptomatic treatment is needed to ensure oxygen saturation, control cerebral edema, and maintain normal blood pressure and blood glucose; at the same time, anticonvulsant treatment is given if necessary to maintain the stability of the child’s internal environment. If necessary, rehabilitation treatment should be given during the recovery period. Prevention of neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy is more important than treatment. Timely management of intrauterine distress, ending delivery as soon as possible, and timely resuscitation of asphyxiated babies after birth can reduce the occurrence of neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy.