Long-term hypertension can cause damage to target organs such as heart, brain and kidney, including: cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, aortic coarctation and so on.
1. Cerebrovascular disease: long-term elevated blood pressure uncontrolled will lead to cerebrovascular damage, including cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, cavernous cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack. In mild cases, it may be manifested as dizziness and headache, nausea and vomiting, etc. In severe cases, sudden hemiparesis and coma may occur.
2. Heart failure and coronary heart disease: long-term hypertension causes coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis of blood vessels, resulting in myocardial ischemia, often manifested as chest tightness and chest pain. Myocardial infarction occurs due to blood vessel blockage, which is a common cause of sudden death.
3. Chronic renal failure: long-term high blood pressure leads to atherosclerosis of small renal arteries is the main cause of chronic renal failure. In the early stage, there may not be any symptom, or only mild discomfort such as fatigue and lumbago, but the symptoms worsen in the later stage, and severe hyperkalemia and gastrointestinal bleeding may occur.
4. Aortic coarctation: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for aortic coarctation. It is often manifested as sudden and persistent tearing or cutting pain in the front or back of the chest, which requires prompt medical attention.
Hypertensive patients should be under strict control of blood pressure under the guidance of specialized physicians to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis and avoid target organ damage and the occurrence of adverse events.