Colds belong to the category of exogenous diseases in Chinese medicine and are characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and cough. The disease is caused by the feeling of wind, so it is also called cold. This disease is mostly caused by the weakness of the body, life disorders, or due to sudden changes in the climate, the external function of the guard is not solid, the wind evil virus invasion of the body. As stated in “Nei Jing – Su Wen – Tai Yin Yang Ming Discourse”: “Those who are injured by wind, the upper part will suffer first”. Because the lung governs the skin and hair, and the spleen governs the muscles. Under normal circumstances, if the spleen and lungs are not damaged, the qi will guard the outside and the blood will be in the middle, so although there is wind, it cannot do harm. However, if the spleen is deficient and the muscles are not full, and the lung is deficient and the guard is not solid, then the wind evil will take advantage of the deficiency and enter, so we often say that the cold.
Although the wind is the first cause of the cold, but because of the different climate of the season, there are wind-cold, wind-heat difference; folder Department folder wet folder dry difference, and because of the different endowment of the body, there are gas deficiency, blood deficiency, Yin deficiency, Yang deficiency cold of different. Cold is a common and frequent disease. As “Jiu Ling Shan Fang Ji” said: “Wind is the beginning of all diseases, and spring for the warm wind, summer for the Yang wind, autumn for the cool wind, winter for the cold wind. The wind is also the qi of heaven and earth.” Because the wind is present in all seasons, and is often accompanied by other external evils that cause disease, it is the precursor of external diseases. Chinese medicine for external diseases, not only to examine the cause, but also to divide its evidence, to examine the cause of the wind, cold, and also divided into its evidence: deficiency, and also real. This is a superior way to identify and classify the symptoms. Reflect the “holistic concept of Chinese medicine. Discriminatory treatment”. Therefore, to explore the diagnosis and treatment of colds, to guide clinical practice has greater significance, the author discusses the following aspects.
A. Wind-cold.
Clinical manifestations: heavy cold, light fever, no thirst, no sweating, headache, stuffy nose, thin white coating, floating pulse.
Treatment: Pungent warmth relieves the symptoms.
Prescriptions: for mild cases of wind-cold, onion and drum soup or onion and white soup with beard. For severe cases of wind-cold, add and reduce Jing Fang Defeat Poison San. <荆芥, 防风,羌活, 獨活, 川芎, 薄薄荷, 柴胡, 前胡,桔梗, 枳壳,茯苓, 甘草, 生姜.
II. Wind-heat.
Clinical manifestations: fever with heavy, slightly vicious cold, thirst, sore throat, cough, yellow sputum, thin yellow fur, floating loose pulse.
Treatment: Pungent and cool the surface, promote the lung and clear heat.
Prescription: Mulberry-Chrysanthemum Drink (Mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum, forsythia, peppermint, almond, orris, rhizome, raw licorice.) Or Yin Qiao San (silver flower, forsythia, thornbush spike, light bean drum, peppermint, burdock, orris, raw licorice, bamboo leaf, fresh rhizome).
Dampness.
Clinical manifestations: vicious cold, body heat, head swelling like a wrap, nasal congestion, body sleepiness, joint pain, no thirst in the mouth, white and greasy coating.
Treatment: Expel the cold, remove wind and dampness.
Prescription: Qiangwu Shengshu Tang: (Qiangwu, Douhu, Ligusticum, Fangfeng, Chuanxiong, Manchurianzi, roasted licorice.)
If superficial dampness enters the lining, fever, vicious cold, chest tightness, stomach and epigastric discomfort, vomiting, intestinal tinnitus, diarrhea, white and greasy tongue coating, quite similar to “gastrointestinal flu”, the treatment should be to relieve superficial dampness, harmonize the middle and regulate the qi.
(Big belly skin, Poria, Chen Pi, Licorice.) If the fever is moderate, the limbs are tired, the chest and abdomen are stuffy, the tongue is white and greasy or slightly yellow, and the pulse is moist and thin, use Da Yuan Drink (betel nut, thick park, grass fruit, scutellaria, Zhi Mu, peony, licorice.) Add or subtract.
Fourth, holding the Department.
Clinical manifestations: body heat without sweating, distress and thirst, chest tightness and poor appetite, short and red urine, yellow and greasy tongue coating.
Treatment: Expel the symptoms, clear the dampness and harmonize the middle.
Prescriptions: Elsholtzholtzholtzini with reduced dosage: (Elsholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtzholtz, Hauptopanax, Bupleurum, Patchouli, Pelargonium).
V. Dryness.
Clinical manifestations: external cold and dryness, headache and vicious cold, cough with little sputum and sticky, or dry cough without sputum, dry nasal congestion and throat, itchy throat, white fur and red tongue, string pulse.
Treatment: Lightly promoting coolness and dryness, promoting lung and resolving phlegm.
Prescription: Apricot-Su San plus or minus (Su Ye, Almond, Semen, Poria, Qian Hu, Mandarin, Citrus Aurantium, Chen Pi, Licorice, Ginger, Jujube.)
Sixth, Qi deficiency.
Clinical manifestations: vicious chills and fever, headache and nasal congestion, aching limbs, suffocation in the chest, cough with phlegm, tiredness and fatigue, little breath and lazy speech, white and greasy tongue coating, floating and weak pulse.
Treatment: Benefiting Qi and relieving symptoms, dispersing wind and removing cold.
Therapeutic formula: Ginseng Defeat Poison San, (Chai Hu, Qian Hu, Chuan Xiong, Citrus Aurantium, Qiang Wu, Dou Wu, Fu Ling, Radix Platycodon, Ginseng, Licorice.) Also use ginseng and sour drink, tonifying and benefitting qi soup, yupingfeng, etc. to add and subtract treatment according to the evidence.
Seven, blood deficiency.
Clinical manifestations: deficiency of yin and blood, feeling external evil, or after blood loss, feeling wind and cold, see headache, body heat, cold, no sweat, dry mouth, face is not flashy, lips and nails pale, dizziness and palpitations, red color with little moss, floating and thin pulse.
Treatment: Nourishing Blood and relieving symptoms.
Treatment formula: Onion and White Seven Flavors Drink (Onion and White, Pueraria Mirifica, Dougu, Medlar, Radix et Rhizoma, Ginger).
Eight, Yin deficiency.
Clinical manifestations: Yin deficiency, feeling external evil, headache and body heat, slight evil wind and cold, no sweating or slight sweating, dizziness and heart trouble, thirst and dry throat, heat in the heart of the hands and feet, dry cough with little phlegm, red tongue and fine pulse.
Treatment: Nourishing Yin and relieving symptoms.
Treatment formula: add and subtract Weiwei Tang (yu zhu, raw onion white, orris, hyacinth, light bean drum, peppermint, red dates)
IX. Yang deficiency.
Clinical manifestations: Yang deficiency of the muscles, feeling wind and cold, symptoms include body heat, heavy vicious cold, headache and body pain, no sweating or spontaneous sweating, white face, unheated extremities, pale fat tongue with white fur, sunken and weak pulse.
Treatment: Helping Yin to relieve symptoms.
Treatment: Ephedra, Radix et Rhizoma, Hesperidin (Ephedra, Radix et Rhizoma, Hesperidin) plus or minus (Astragalus, Ginseng, Cinnamomum, Radix et Rhizoma, Hesperidin, Qiangwu, Fanfeng, Chuanxiong, Paeonia, Roasted Ginger, Jujube, Licorice).