Overview Malignant obstructive jaundice is one of the common comorbidities of primary or metastatic tumors in the upper abdomen, which can be seen in bile duct cancer, pancreatic head cancer, periampullary cancer, gallbladder cancer, primary liver cancer, hilar lymph node metastases, liver metastases and postoperative anastomotic stenosis. Among them, pancreatic head cancer and bile duct cancer are the most common. Treatment The current treatment methods for malignant obstructive jaundice mainly include surgery, interventional treatment and transendoscopic treatment. The advantage of surgical treatment is that it can not only relieve jaundice but also remove the cause of the obstruction, such as Whipple surgery for pancreatic head cancer or periampullary cancer. However, in many clinical cases, radical surgery is not suitable due to the large lesions invading the surrounding blood vessels, or due to the poor general condition of the patient, diabetes, cardiovascular disease comorbidities, advanced age, etc. Interventional treatment Interventional treatment is the treatment of choice for patients with obstructive jaundice who are elderly, inoperable, have postoperative relapse, or have combined diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Methods: including percutaneous percutaneous hepatic bile drainage, bile duct stenting, etc. Advantages: easy operation, wider indications, less trauma, quicker effect, less adverse effects, and higher quality of life for patients after endoprosthesis molding. Indications: Interventional treatment is suitable for bile duct obstruction due to hilar area, intrahepatic lesions and low-level obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic head cancer. Timing of treatment: After the patient is diagnosed with obstructive jaundice, the patient should be evaluated as soon as possible to see if there is an opportunity for surgical treatment. If no surgical treatment is possible at present, interventional treatment should be considered as soon as possible to reduce the symptoms of jaundice, improve the function of the liver and other organs, and strive for early surgical radical treatment. If there is really no chance of surgical treatment, interventional treatment should also be given first, combined with other palliative treatment measures as early as possible. Endoscopic treatment Endoscopic treatment can be chosen to reduce yellowing by inserting a nasobiliary drainage tube or internal stent through the duodenal papilla, but it has more complications (such as acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation, local infection, etc.) and is more painful for the patient during operation, so it has been gradually replaced by interventional treatment in recent years.