I. Basic pathogenesis of several common respiratory infectious diseases in children and instructions for parents.
1, capillary bronchitis: manifested as cough, shortness of breath or dyspnea, fever.
2, common cold: runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, mild sore throat. Decreased appetite, headache and lethargy. Some children may have fever but it is usually not high. Lin Gangxi, Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Xiamen University
3.Acute laryngitis: cold symptoms and fever, hoarseness, barking cough, accelerated breathing, heavy breathing sounds and dyspnea.
4.Influenza: fever, chills and shivering, headache, muscle aches, extreme lethargy, dry cough and sore throat, and decreased appetite are common.
5.Streptococcal pharyngitis: fever, headache and abdominal pain
The above diseases are transmitted by
1, direct contact transmission
2, indirect contact transmission: through contact with the patient’s eyes, oral and nasal secretions attached to toys containing pathogens, clothing, hands, etc. infection.
3.Droplet transmission
What should parents do?
1. Let the child rest as much as possible and drink more water.
2. Children older than 6 months of age with axillary body temperature greater than 38.5 degrees can be given antipyretic drugs such as Tylenol or Merlin.
3.Clear nasal secretions, use a nasal aspirator to suck out the nasal secretions of infants, and encourage older children to clear out their own nasal discharge.
4.Cold salt water gargle can reduce sore throat.
5, usually do not advocate the use of home cold water humidifier, if you want to use, daily to ensure clean and not contaminated.
6.If the symptoms do not improve or worsen, seek immediate medical attention.
II. Otitis media: manifests as capriciousness, irritability, emotional instability, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. Scratching the ears and oozing fluid from the ears. Otitis media is a common complication of respiratory tract infections in children and is usually not contagious in itself. It is important to see a doctor when otitis media occurs, and those with streptococcal pharyngitis must be given antibiotics.
III. Other types of common childhood infectious diseases.
1, red eye (pharyngeal conjunctival fever): manifested as itchy and painful eyes, with watery or pus-like discharge, and the white part of the eye turns red. Parents should keep their children’s eyes clean and clean the discharge from the inside out with a clean tissue or gauze each time through direct contact and indirect contact. Seek medical attention promptly.
2. Gastrointestinal flu: manifests as diarrhea with or without vomiting, fever, decreased appetite, stomach cramps, stools with blood or through direct and indirect transmission. Parents can give Tylenol or Merlin if children over 6 months of age have an axillary temperature greater than 38.5 degrees. Feed in small, multiple doses. Give oral rehydration salts to prevent dehydration. If no improvement is seen seek prompt medical attention.