Brainstem hemorrhage belongs to the acute and serious neurological emergency, which is a special type of brain hemorrhage, and the main body of hemorrhage is mainly located in the brainstem area. The common causes of brain hemorrhage in the elderly are mainly hypertension and vascular sclerosis. Brainstem hemorrhage occurs due to the rupture of tiny blood vessels in the brainstem area and around the brainstem in the elderly as a result of elevated blood pressure. The common cause of brainstem hemorrhage in young patients is mainly due to the rupture and bleeding of cavernous hemangiomas in the brainstem region. Elderly people with coagulation disorders from long-term oral anticoagulant medications are also prone to brain hemorrhage manifestations. The most common risk factors for brain hemorrhage mainly include hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and vascular sclerosis, among which smoking and alcohol consumption are common causes for the occurrence of brain hemorrhage.