How do bladder tumors occur? What should I do if I have a bladder tumor? This is a question of great concern to the majority of patients.
The development of bladder tumor has a distinctive feature: multicentric occurrence, meaning that tumors may occur in the uroepithelium covering the entire urinary tract system without any sequential or causal relationship between them. Like other tumors, bladder tumors occur under the action of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factor refers to the susceptibility of tumor, which is determined by the intrinsic genetic quality of human body, which is often referred to as “genetic”. The so-called extrinsic factors refer to the environmental factors to which the human body is exposed, such as air, water, diet, cigarettes, chemical textiles and so on. The occurrence of tumor should be a comprehensive result of multiple factors. Why do tumors in the urinary tract system occur in places where the urine flow is relatively stationary? For example, the incidence of ureteral tumors is much lower than that of pelvic and bladder tumors, precisely because the mucosa of the urinary tract there is continuously exposed to urine containing carcinogens, which is an important link in tumor development.
The treatment effect of bladder tumor after early diagnosis is quite ideal. But how to achieve early diagnosis of bladder tumor? Bladder tumors can be asymptomatic in the early stage. This is when the importance of health checkups becomes apparent, especially for some high-risk groups. For example: those with family history, those with combined urinary retention, those who have had tumors before, those with low immunity, those who work in chemical, steel and textile sectors, those with serious environmental pollution, those who smoke a lot for a long time and so on. A common early symptom is: painless hematuria of the naked eye. This is an important sign that requires vigilance. Once hematuria appears, especially if it is not accompanied by frequent, urgent and painful urination, you must be highly alert and go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible. You should not take a chance and delay it again and again, thus delaying the condition.
In general, ultrasound can make the initial diagnosis. CT and MRI are often used to further evaluate the depth of tumor invasion and the lymph nodes in the pelvis. The definitive diagnosis of bladder tumor relies on pathology report, which is cystoscopy with biopsy. In recent years, the majority of practice is to hospitalize for diagnostic local electrosurgery under anesthesia after imaging suspicion of tumor. This electrosurgery has both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. This avoids the need for cystoscopy followed by electrosurgery, which would be painful twice.
What is the idea after diagnostic local electrodesection? Two results: 1. The tumor is superficial and of low malignancy. This completes the therapeutic local electrosurgery. Follow-up chemotherapy with bladder irrigation is performed as planned to prevent recurrence, while close observation is performed according to the attending physician’s plan, usually reviewed every three months. There are many perfusion drugs, epi-amycin is the more choice, most foreign countries choose BCG perfusion, but in China can not get high purity, used in clinical BCG, so can not look to foreign countries. 2, muscle invasive, highly malignant. This kind of tumor is not enough by electrodesiccation alone, the best treatment is: resection of the whole bladder + urinary flow diversion. This is the only way to improve the overall survival of the patient. There are several ways to reroute the urinary stream, which can be chosen according to individual circumstances.
For advanced bladder tumors, such as: tumor invasion of the pelvis that has become fixed, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases, chemotherapy is a wise choice. In recent years, with the continuous development of chemotherapy drugs, chemotherapy side effects are getting less and less, chemotherapy effect is getting better and better, chemotherapy is more and more acceptable to various patients, even elderly patients.