Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome

  Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a condition in which the upper airway collapses and obstructs during sleep causing apnea and hypoventilation, usually accompanied by snoring, sleep structural disorders, frequent decreases in blood oxygen saturation, daytime drowsiness, inattention, and may lead to multi-organ and multi-system damage such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus type II.  The current gold standard for diagnosis is polysomnography (PSG), the disadvantages of which are 1) it requires to a certain cost (generally 600-900 RMB); 2) it also requires a night of monitoring at the hospital, which takes up a certain amount of time for the patient; 3) as an objective test, it does not fully reflect the patient’s subjective symptoms, and sometimes it is not consistent with the patient’s subjective symptoms. Therefore, some scales have been developed at home and abroad to compensate for these shortcomings and to facilitate the diagnosis and assessment of efficacy before and after treatment.  Sleepiness is one of the main symptoms of OSAHS, and its severity is determined based on the following.  1.Mild: Sleepiness is only seen in sedentary situations or in situations that do not require much attention, and it may not exist every day, and it is only a mild obstacle to social and professional activities; Epworth sleep scale (ESS) score ≤ 12.  2.Moderate: Sleepiness exists every day and occurs in the context of light physical activity or moderate attention (such as driving, meeting or watching movies, etc.), with moderate impairment of social and professional activities; ESS score of 13-17.  3.Severe: drowsiness is present every day, occurs during heavy physical activity or situations requiring high attention (such as when driving, talking, eating or walking), and severely interferes with social and occupational activities; ESs score 18-24.  Note: OSAHS-specific quality of life scale, a patient self-rated standardized questionnaire, has five dimensions: (1) daytime sleepiness (6 items); (2) daytime symptoms (10 items); (3) nighttime symptoms (7 items); (4) mood (5 items); and (5) social interaction (4 items). Entries were scored on a scale of 1 to 7. Dimension score = sum of entry scores within the dimension/number of entries within the dimension. If there are entries that are not relevant to the patient (e.g., entry 32: Forcing oneself not to fall asleep and not to nod off while driving), they can be left unanswered, and the score for this dimension is the average score of the answered entries. overall CQSQ score = the sum of the average scores of the five dimensions/5.