Children’s motor development pattern

  1, head and tail development Children’s motor development is first manifested as head control, then trunk development, and finally the development of the lower limbs. That is, children’s gross motor always develop along the order of head lifting, turning over, sitting, crawling, standing, walking, running and jumping.  2, proximal development Starting from the trunk, the muscle groups close to the trunk develop first, and the limb movements away from the trunk develop later, such as upper limb development along the order of the shoulder, upper arm, elbow, wrist, hand and finger development.  3, from coarse to fine Coarse movements develop first, and fine movements develop later. For example, before 3 months of age, infants appear to “dance with their hands” when they are happy, 4 or 5 months old infants use their whole arms to take toys in front of them, around 6 months old infants can use their thumbs and the ends of the remaining four fingers to take things, 9 months old infants can use their thumbs and fingers to take small sugar pills or rice grains.  4, first positive and then negative infant hand movements are first grasped and then released, such as after 6 months of age infants appear backwards, that is, the toys in one hand for another hand, when children appear to drop toys phenomenon; children first sit up from a sitting position, after sitting down from a standing position; children walk is first forward and then backward.  Secondly, the temporal nature of children’s motor development refers to the fact that there is a certain age range for various motor functions due to the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, the age of developmental emergence and maturity of the same motor ability varies greatly among individuals, and there are inevitably early, average, and late developmental conditions in the group. Statistically, the standard deviation reflects the degree of variability in the population at the age of development of a given motor ability. If a child’s motor index is significantly behind the average for children of the same age in general, it suggests a delay in the development of that motor function or a motor disorder due to abnormalities in the central or peripheral nervous system.