SMA, known as spinal muscular atrophy, is an autosomal recessive disorder with muscle weakness and atrophy as the main manifestations. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by multiple genetic mutations and is a familial disorder. The clinical manifestations of patients vary widely, but the common feature is the degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. The clinical manifestations are symmetrical muscle atrophy of the extremities that gradually worsens, starting from the distal ends of both upper extremities and may involve the whole body, but the patient’s mental development and sensation are normal. In the later stage, the respiratory muscles can be involved, leading to respiratory muscle paralysis, and eventually death from respiratory failure, or respiratory infections and other serious complications, the prognosis is poor, and patients have a short life expectancy and may die in adolescence. There is no cure for the disease and only drugs can be used to slow down the progression of the disease, but the efficacy is not exact.