There are many treatment methods for HPV and related diseases, including physical therapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, surgery and Chinese medicine, but so far no one method is perfect, and a good balance between comprehensive and individualized treatment needs to be found in clinical practice.
I. Physical therapy
Physiotherapy has the effect of killing the virus and destroying the HPV-infected tissues and the environmental conditions on which they live, so as to accelerate the clearance of the virus. At present, the commonly used methods are: cryotherapy, heat therapy, laser therapy, microwave therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and so on.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT): It is to selectively kill pathogenic microorganisms and cells infected by certain pathogenic microorganisms by using the photochemical effect generated after activation of photosensitizers by light. It is safe and effective to remove the high risk HPVDNA from the warts and cervical epithelial cells by destroying the HPV infected cells.
Second, chemical drug treatment
1, imiquimod: is a more clinically used, relatively safe and effective local immunomodulatory antiviral agents.
2.Ghostatin: It is a drug that has been used clinically for many years with certain effect in treating HPV-related lesions and killing HPV.
3.Trichloroacetic acid. It has been clinically reported for a long time that it is more effective for smaller and moist lesions in the vaginal and anal areas.
4, from green tea extract compounds: is a botanical extracted from green tea leaves, in vitro studies can affect the growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, gene expression of HPV-related cell lines. It is currently in clinical validation and may be a promising drug for the treatment of HPV-related diseases.
5. Cidofovir. Cidofovir is a nucleoside analogue, clinically used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection, in vitro has a broad spectrum of anti-DNA viral activity including HPV inhibition, some studies have shown that local application can effectively treat HPV-related lesions and clearance of HPV, also used as an adjunct to clearance of the virus after surgical treatment. Cidofovir has been used to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia caused by HPV6 and 11 effectively, but its systemic application is toxic, and its ability to be used in the treatment of HPV-related diseases remains to be further clarified.
Third, biological treatment
1, intra-lesion injection and systemic injection of interferon or local cream application, which can directly destroy the adsorbed and residual virus on the surface of the lesion, mainly used to reduce the recurrence of HPV-related lesions after surgery or physical therapy.
2, therapeutic vaccines: there are a variety of therapeutic vaccines abroad that have achieved good results in preclinical studies and in the treatment of HPV.
3.The clinical study phase of associated lesions has also shown good results, but is less applicable to HPV-infected patients with significant immunodeficiency.
4, other immunomodulators such as interleukin-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transfer factor, immunoglobulins, red Nocardia cell wall skeletal preparations and other non-specific immunomodulators have also been reported for the clinical treatment of acromegaly and HPV infection, but sufficient evidence-based medical evidence is still needed for further confirmation.
Fourth, surgical excision treatment
Traditional surgery is not a direct way to eliminate HPV, but by removing the lesion containing HPV infection, as well as the postoperative inflammatory response and activation of autoimmune function, it can lead to a significantly higher HPV conversion rate with better results.
V. Chinese medicine treatment
The extracts of some Chinese herbs, such as hosin, comfrey, northern bean root, gentian, dasheen leaf, septoria, curcumin, and yuganzi, which have been reported in more studies, have certain effects of inhibiting HPV virus in vitro. Currently there are some herbal preparations for sale in the market, such as Patulin, which have a more definite effect on the treatment of acromegaly.
There are many drugs and methods used clinically for the treatment of HPV infection in the genital tract, but there are difficulties in clearing HPV and related lesions with a single treatment method, and combined treatment may yield the desired results. Treating patients with condyloma acuminatum and other HPV infection-related diseases, individualized treatment plans and appropriate treatments based on the patient’s disease status are the key to rapid and complete cure of HPV infection-related diseases.