Blood pressure greater than 140/90mmHg measured several times in the morning and evening at rest requires treatment.
1. General treatment: Grade 1 hypertension without target organ damage can be treated by improving lifestyle habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, low-salt and low-fat diets, and reducing body weight to control blood pressure.
2. Medication: If the blood pressure cannot be controlled below 140/90mmHg through general treatment, then medication is needed, and there are five major types of medications commonly used in the clinic.
(1) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) have enalapril, perindopril and other puri drugs, the lowering effect is better. Adverse reactions are mainly the higher probability of dry cough, and patients with renal artery stenosis and high potassium need to be used with caution;
(2) Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, long-term use of diuretics may bring about electrolyte disorders;
(3) Angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) with drugs such as Irbesartan, renal insufficiency that is, renal artery stenosis patients with caution;
(4) Calcium antagonist (CCB) has amlodipine, nifedipine, etc., commonly used in middle-aged and elderly patients to lower blood pressure, adverse reactions include reflex tachycardia, double ankle edema, etc.;
(5) β-blockers: β-blockers have metoprolol, which is better for patients with fast-heart-rate hypertension, with adverse effects such as bradycardia, weakness, etc. It is contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock and sick sinus node syndrome.
Specific treatment regimens need to be carried out under the guidance of the clinician to avoid adverse effects.