The renal parenchyma generally includes the renal cortex and the renal medulla. The renal medulla is the deeper layer located in the renal cortex, which accounts for about the majority of the renal parenchyma, is relatively less vascular, has a reddish color, and is mainly composed of 15-20 renal cones. The renal cones are conical in shape, with a wide part that meets the cortex, and the boundary between this part and the cortex is unclear, with darker colored, radially arranged medullary radiations on the vertebrae. The medullary radiations are formed by the parallel arrangement of the renal rectus and blood vessels. Each renal cone and its surrounding cortex is called a renal lobe, and the tip of the cone is bluntly rounded and is called a renal papilla, which is irregular in shape, or there are 2-3 renal cones combined, and there are about 7-12 renal papillae in each kidney. In clinical practice, the main function of the renal medulla is to absorb certain components of the original urine, re-enter the blood and finally produce urine, and the renal medulla and renal parenchyma together constitute an important function of the kidney.
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