Eighty percent of women experience inflammation of the reproductive tract at some point in their lives, and in some cases it can extend over several years. For women of childbearing age, reproductive tract infections have a profound impact on fertility. The reproductive system can be divided into the external and internal genitalia, namely the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The vagina in its normal state contains a variety of microorganisms, but is mainly concentrated in the lower 1/3 section, dominated by Lactobacillus, with very few other microorganisms and maintaining a weakly acidic pH. In case of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, the pH value of the vagina becomes alkaline, which is not conducive to the growth of lactobacilli, and therefore many dysbiosis manifestations can be combined. This vaginal environment can seriously affect the survival of sperm and can be transmitted to the partner through sexual intercourse, causing inflammation of the other partner’s reproductive system and affecting fertility. Coexisting with trichomoniasis is bacterial vaginosis, which can cause retrograde upper genital tract infection, resulting in tubal incompetence and thus female infertility. Another common vaginal inflammatory disease is mycosis fungoides, which is characterized by severe itching and discomfort in the vulva. Frequent episodes of mycosis fungoides may be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, excessive consumption of sugary foods, male circumcision, and antibiotic use, which can result in decreased sperm survival and reduced motility, thus causing infertility. Long-term abnormalities in glucose metabolism can cause ovulation disorders, again resulting in infertility. Inflammation of the internal genitalia is associated with retrograde infections, in which endometrial inflammation causing failure of embryo implantation, ovarian inflammation causing disorders of egg production, and tubal inflammation causing failure of sperm and egg to unite properly can all lead to infertility. Therefore, it is important to take reproductive tract infections seriously and not to take them lightly. Diagnosis of reproductive tract infections is very important and medication should not be misused for certain benefits.