Cholesteatoma otitis media is a type of otitis media, not a tumor, and usually has no impact on life expectancy after effective treatment. Most cholesteatoma otitis media is caused by epithelial cells from the external ear canal as well as the tympanic membrane entering the middle ear through a perforation and collecting in the middle ear. Cholesteatoma is destructive, both because of its compressive effect and because cholesteatoma has enzymes that can destroy bone and soften it, causing intracranial complications and, in severe cases, rupture and bleeding from the sigmoid sinus. Usually, surgery is the treatment of choice for cholesteatoma otitis media. Patients need to undergo radical mastoid surgery under a microscope to completely remove the lesion, remove the cholesteatoma, open the mastoid, and grind away the inflamed bone. In addition, regular postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment is required, with topical oxyfloxacin ear drops to reduce inflammation. Therefore, once a patient is found to have cholesteatoma otitis media, surgery should be performed as early as possible to avoid complications that may make treatment more difficult. A good prognosis can be obtained if the cholesteatoma is removed in a timely and complete manner.