I. World Sleep Day
Sleep takes up a third of our lives. According to a World Health Organization survey of more than 20,000 patients seen in primary care at 15 sites in 14 countries, 27% of people were found to have sleep problems.
To draw attention to the importance of sleep and sleep quality, the International Foundation for Mental Health and Neuroscience has launched a global sleep and health program to designate March 21 each year as World Sleep Day. The Chinese Sleep Research Association has officially introduced it to China since 2003.
II. What is snoring?
Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) is a syndrome of apnea and hypoventilation caused by collapsed upper airway obstruction during sleep, accompanied by snoring, sleep structure disorder, frequent decrease of blood oxygen saturation and daytime sleepiness.
What is the harm of OSAHS?
1.Damage to cardiovascular system: it can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death at night.
2, damage to the respiratory system: can lead to respiratory failure, nocturnal asthma, pulmonary heart disease, etc..
3, the damage to the cerebrovascular and central nervous system: can lead to stroke, dementia, mania and depression.
4, the impact on endocrine and sexual function: can lead to diabetes, acromegaly, sexual dysfunction, pituitary and thyroid axis regulation disorder
5, the damage to the kidney, blood system: kidney concentration function is reduced, nocturia, increased red blood cells, etc.
6.Impact on the quality of life and work: daytime drowsiness, reduced work efficiency, traffic accident mortality is 7 times higher than normal.
4. What are the causes of OSAHS?
1.Nasal lesions
2.Laryngeal lesions
3.Tongue lesion
4.Congenital malformation of maxillofacial development
5.Systemic diseases: acromegaly, hypothyroidism
6.Obesity
V. What is polysomnography?
Polysomnograply is the “gold standard” for diagnosing OSAHS. It includes two-lead EEG (EEG1, EEG2), two-lead EOG (EOG1, EOG2), electromyography of the jaw (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), oral and nasal respiratory airflow (FLOW), chest and abdominal respiratory motion (RCRESABRES), blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), body position (BPI), snoring (Snore), anterior cervical muscle (EMG), heart rate (HR), etc. Heart rate (HR), etc. Formal monitoring generally requires no less than 7 hours of sleep throughout the night.
VI. Treatment methods?
1. General treatment: Each patient with OSAHS should be instructed in various aspects, including: (1) losing weight; (2) quitting alcohol, smoking, stopping sedative-hypnotic drugs and other drugs that can cause or aggravate OSAHS; (3) sleeping in the lateral position; (4) elevating the head of the bed appropriately; (5) avoiding overexertion during the day.
2.Medication: (1) ephedrine; (2) nerve respiratory stimulant: progesterone; (3) antidepressant: protriptyline
3.Oral appliance: It is suitable for patients with simple snoring and mild OSAHS, especially those with mandibular recession. It can be tried for those who cannot tolerate CPAP, cannot be operated or have poor surgical results. Contraindications are having temporomandibular arthritis or dysfunction. The advantages are non-invasive and low price.
4.Positive pressure ventilation for CPAP
5.Surgical treatment
(1)Nasal surgery
(2) Pharyngeal surgery
(3)Tongue surgery
(4) Mandibular advancement surgery