Artificial joint replacement refers to the use of metal, polymer polyethylene, ceramic and other materials to make artificial joint prostheses according to the shape, structure and function of human joints, which are surgically implanted into the human body to replace the function of the diseased joint and to relieve joint pain and restore joint function. Artificial joint replacement is one of the most successful orthopaedic surgeries of the 20th century, allowing countless patients with end-stage bone and joint disease to resume a normal life. Operation of The Century.) Although exact statistics are not available, conservative estimates suggest that more than 1.5 million people worldwide receive artificial joint replacements each year. With an aging population, increasing average life expectancy and improving quality of life, the demand for artificial joint replacement continues to grow. This demand is even more pronounced in China. Currently, knee and hip replacements are two of the most common types of artificial joint replacements, with a success rate of more than 90% over 10 years, and more than 80% of patients are able to use the implanted prosthesis for more than 20 years, even for the rest of their lives. In addition to these, joint replacements of the shoulder, elbow, and ankle joints are also evolving, with good medium- and long-term results. With the advancement of biomaterials and surgical techniques, small joint replacements such as wrist, interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints have emerged one after another, bringing hope to patients suffering from severe small joint diseases.