With the support of the Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room and Pathology, Dr. Hou Jianbin, Deputy Director of the Department of Thoracic Surgery, successfully performed a mediastinoscopic lymph node biopsy for a patient with multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum, which filled the gap in this field in Anyang and provided an evidence-based medical basis for the standardized treatment of tumors. Mediastinoscopy, or Video-mediastinoscopy (VM), is an important part of minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Because of its advantages of small trauma, easy operation, safety and reliability, and satisfactory extraction, it is still the most important examination method for the diagnosis and treatment of difficult mediastinal diseases and the pathological staging of lung cancer before treatment. Mediastinal peri-tracheal lesions are often difficult to diagnose clinically because of the complex structure of the mediastinum, the variety of diseases and the limited value of conventional examination methods, especially the misdiagnosis of benign lesions as malignant tumors, and the incorrect diagnostic treatment and unnecessary dissection and chest exploration, which greatly increase the pain of patients. In order to avoid the harm brought by misdiagnosis and mistreatment to patients and to guide reasonable treatment, all possible methods should be taken to obtain clear pathological diagnosis, and TV mediastinoscopy has its irreplaceable advantages in this aspect. A large number of clinical practices have confirmed that the definite diagnosis rate of mediastinal difficult diseases exceeds 90% after mediastinoscopy. For patients with lung cancer, clear diagnosis and staging are of great significance in formulating treatment plans and determining prognosis. Mediastinoscopy is by far the best means to achieve this goal; it can not only save some patients who are not suitable for surgery from the pain of opening the chest (such as N3 or multiple N2 lesions, extra-lymph node invasion and T4 stage tumors invading the mediastinal organs), but also provide the best basis for the formulation of lung cancer surgical treatment plans.