We all know that many chronic coughs are caused by cough variant asthma, which is often associated with allergies. Some babies have a chronic, long-term cough, sometimes even with wheezing, which often worsens at night and after activity, and they have been repeatedly seen by a doctor and told that their baby has an allergic cough. After anti-allergy treatment and nebulizer therapy, the baby’s cough does improve significantly. However, the fact is that the incidence of pure allergic cough is very low in young children and most of the aforementioned cases are cough variant asthma (which has a higher incidence). Coughing at night and after activity is a sign of airway hyperresponsiveness and is usually a feature of cough variant asthma. The major difference between the two is that allergic cough is only a case of increased sensitivity of the cough receptors, the lesions are usually not cumulative in the tracheobronchi, and although the cough is intense, there is often no air tightness, the airways are not highly reactive, and the lung function is usually normal. Cough variant asthma, on the other hand, is still asthma in nature and can also be considered mild asthma. The lesions involve the trachea and bronchi, lung function tests will be abnormal, airway reactivity is significantly elevated, and there is often tightness in the air when coughing. Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences? Yang Rongxin, Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital Both allergen tests can be positive. Both can present with a long-term chronic cough in which anti-infective therapy is ineffective. The main difference is whether there is airway hyperresponsiveness and whether the lesions accumulate in the lower respiratory affecting lung function. In terms of treatment, glucocorticoids are both effective, which is why allergic cough is effectively treated as cough variant asthma. Allergic cough is often effective when treated with anti-allergy drugs alone. Although cough variant asthma is also allergy related, treatment with anti-allergy drugs alone is not effective and requires bronchodilator drugs and glucocorticoid nebulization, which is the cornerstone of asthma treatment. In addition, cough variant asthma requires small doses of hormone nebulization in the absence of symptoms due to chronic inflammation of the airways, whereas allergic asthma requires only symptomatic treatment and treatment can be stopped once symptoms are relieved. Allergic cough, because the lesion is not in the lower respiratory tract, can be treated with hormone nebulization particles larger than 5um, while cough variant asthma nebulization needs to break up the particles to below 5um. Gas compression nebulization and high flow oxygen nebulization are necessary options. Allergic cough, cough variant asthma treatment recommendations: Allergic cough cough variant asthma treatment measures first-line medications antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) fast-acting bronchodilators second-line medications ICS (large granules) theophylline, LTRA, ICS small granules) control medications without ICS (small granules) ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonists due to lung function Since lung function tests (especially for children younger than 5 years) are not commonly performed, cough receptor sensitivity tests are rarely performed. Therefore, in cases of difficult differentiation, diagnostic treatment is possible, or cough variant asthma can be treated directly.