Anatomy of the knee joint The human knee joint consists of the lower end of the thigh bone (femoral condyle), the upper part of the lower leg bone (tibial plateau), and the kneecap (patella). These bones are connected by ligaments. There are four major ligaments important to the knee joint: the anterior cruciate ligament, the posterior cruciate ligament, the medial collateral ligament, and the lateral collateral ligament. Each of these ligaments has its own role to play in maintaining the stability of the knee joint. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments maintain anterior-posterior stability and rotational stability of the knee joint, while the medial and lateral collateral ligaments maintain lateral stability. Causes 1, sports injury 2, car accident trauma 3, accidental sprain 4, fall from height injury, etc. Clinical symptoms and examination 1.Acute stage injury will appear knee pain, swelling, and activity impairment. 2.After the acute stage, the pain is usually not too obvious, and most people walk on flat ground without obvious obstacles, so it is often ignored by patients and easy to miss the diagnosis. However, the patient’s movement level decreases significantly, often playing soft legs, walking weakly, unable to complete running and jumping, sharp turns and other movements, knee instability, more likely to lead to secondary damage to the articular cartilage and meniscus. Cartilage damage can easily lead to the occurrence of osteoarthritis.3. If the above symptoms occur after your knee injury, please come to the joint surgery department for detailed examination, never be sloppy, generally suspect ligament damage requires routine X-ray examination and magnetic resonance (MR) examination. Treatment 1, conservative treatment: generally for mild injuries, good stability of the knee joint, older patients with less activity can consider conservative treatment. This includes knee brace immobilization, strengthening muscle strength and mobility, and other rehabilitation exercises. 2. Surgical treatment: For patients with moderate to severe injuries, poor knee stability, young age and high demand for athletic ability, early arthroscopic ligament reconstruction surgery is recommended. This surgery is a minimally invasive surgery, which is characterized by small trauma, short operation time, fast recovery, good results, no secondary surgery to remove the endophyte, etc., and is currently the world’s most recognized method of treatment for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries.